Negative Regulation of Skin Pigmentation in Three-Dimensional Reconstructs by Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells

Abstract

The regulation of site-specific pigmentation in reconstructs used for skin grafting is incompletely understood. Using an engineered skin equivalent model, Klar et al. incorporated adipose-derived mesenchymal cells into skin substitutes and found that adipose-derived mesenchymal cells secreted high levels of transforming growth factor-β1, which down-regulates melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase to decrease melanin synthesis and prevent normal pigmentation of resulting skin grafts.

Insights into the role of mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous medical aesthetics: from basics to clinics

“…According to the single cell map, ADSCs have less heterogeneity and rely less on mitochondrial metabolism for energy production than BMMSCs, resulting in improved stem cell maintenance and resistance to apoptosis [108]. ADSCs can be employed alone or in conjunction with interstitial vascular fraction to treat skin damage repair in vitro, such as lowering wrinkles, facial scars, antioxidant activity, and blocking melanin formation, leading to skin whitening [109][110][111][112][113][114][115]. Combined with other techniques, including carbon dioxide laser surface repair and cultured fibroblasts, ADSCs have shown skin-rejuvenating effects [116].…”

“…This can reduce fibrosis and promote ECM remodeling, collagen deposition remodeling, and epithelial regeneration aging skin [75]. ADSCs can be employed individually or in conjunction with stromal vascular fraction to repair skin defects such as face scars, antioxidants, wrinkles, and melanin synthesis, resulting in skin whitening [110][111][112][113][114][115]209]. Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (Nrip1), according to Hu et al, plays an important function in aging.…”