Negative self-appraisal: Personal reasons for dying as indicators of suicidality

Madsen, Julian; Harris, Keith M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246341

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Feeling that one's life has no meaning provides an affective element. The evidence here confirms that suicidality is more than simple behaviors or thoughts, it includes an internal struggle between choosing life or death [114][115][116]. Evans and Farberow [117] presented life/death ambivalence as possibly the most important aspect of the suicidal mind.…”

Section: Mapping the Suicidal Mindsupporting

confidence: 69%

Measuring the suicidal mind: The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults

Harris

Wang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Clinicians are expected to provide accurate and useful mental health assessments, sometimes in emergency settings. The most urgent challenge may be in calculating suicide risk. Unfortunately, existing instruments often fail to meet requirements. To address this situation, we used a sustainable scale development approach to create a publicly available Suicidality Scale (SS). Following a critical review of current measures, community input, and panel discussions, an international item pool survey included 5,115 English-speaking participants aged 13–82 years. Revisions were tested with two follow-up cross-sectional surveys (Ns = 814 and 626). Pool items and SS versions were critically examined through item response theory, hierarchical cluster, factor and bifactor analyses, resulting in a unidimensional eight-item scale. Psychometric properties were high (loadings > .77; discrimination > 2.2; test-retest r = .87; internal consistency, ω = .96). Invariance checks were satisfied for age, gender, ethnicity, rural/urban residence, first language, self-reported psychiatric diagnosis and suicide attempt history. The SS showed stronger psychometric properties, and significant differences in bivariate associations with depressive symptoms, compared with included suicide measures. The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale represents a significant step forward in accurate assessment for people aged 13+, and diverse populations. This study provides an example of sustainable scale development utilizing community input, emphasis on strong psychometric evidence from diverse samples, and a free-to-use license allowing instrument revisions. These methods can be used to develop a wide variety of psychosocial instruments that can benefit clinicians, researchers, and the public.

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Section: Mapping the Suicidal Mindsupporting

confidence: 69%

Measuring the suicidal mind: The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults

Harris

Wang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…A somehow unexpected result of our study was to find a positive correlation between higher levels of negative self-outlook and SI remission after controlling for depression severity. At first glance, this finding seems to be in contrast with the large body of evidence supporting the connection between negative self-appraisal and suicidality (Madsen and Harris, 2021). Nonetheless, it becomes less difficult to understand thanks to the knowledge that some ADs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Persistence of suicidal ideation within acute phase treatment of major depressive disorder: analysis of clinical predictors

Olgiati

Serretti

2022

International Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Suicidal ideation (SI) is common in major depressive disorder (MDD), and it is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. Antidepressants are effective in reducing SI, but in some subjects, SI may persist for weeks. This study aimed to disentangle the contribution of baseline clinical characteristics in SI nonremission at week 6. Research involved 198 outpatients with MDD and SI collected within the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes trial and treated with different antidepressant combinations. Although SI decreased from baseline to week 6 (P < 0.0001), 78 patients (39%) failed to achieve SI remission. Insomnia [OR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–0.99], reduced need for sleep (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58–0.99), self-confidence (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32–0.82), cheerfulness (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33–0.98), and comorbid panic disorder (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) at baseline were associated with lack of SI remission after controlling for baseline depression and SI scores. The combination of baseline SI and insomnia was moderately effective in predicting the lack of SI remission, with a specificity of 80% (95% CI, 72–87%) and an NPV of 68% (95% CI, 63–72%). In individuals with MDD and SI, the presence of insomnia and bipolar features should prompt a search for more effective treatment solutions in order to favour SI remission and prevent suicidal behaviour.

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“…The low self-concept among those with ACEs resulted in depressive symptoms leading to suicide behavior ( Wong et al, 2019 ). The mechanism in those with low self-concept was that there was negative self-appraisal which became the strongest predictor of suicidality among other predictors ( Madsen & Harris, 2021 ). This condition indicated low levels of self-forgiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which dimensions of forgiveness mediate and moderate childhood trauma and depression? Insights to prevent suicide risk among university students

Rahmandani¹,

Salma²,

Kaloeti³

et al. 2022

Health Psychology Report

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BackgroundCollege students who are depressed as a direct or indirect effect of childhood trauma are at risk of suicide. Although for-giveness buffers mental health problems, there are inconsistencies in the results according to the object of forgiveness. This study aimed to examine the role of forgiveness, both as a mediator and as a moderator, for the association between childhood trauma and depression among university students.Participants and procedureThe sample comprised 398 students from a university in Semarang, Indonesia (M = 18.60, SD = 0.60, male = 26.1%) ob-tained through cluster random sampling. Measurements used were the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) question-naire, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Forgiveness Scale which contained the dimensions of self, others, and situations.ResultsThe path analysis and the investigation of CI result showed that forgiveness mediated the relationship between ACEs and depression. Forgiveness of self and situations were also mediating, but not forgiveness of others. On the other hand, the moderating effect only applied to the forgiveness of others, the effect of which increased positively when the level was high.ConclusionsThe result of this study indicates how the addition of ACEs affects lower level of forgiveness, thus explaining the higher level of depression among college students. Only forgiveness of others among the dimensions of forgiveness is not deter-mined by the number of ACEs, but its increase determines the addition of depression level when there are more ACEs. The discussions highlight the mechanism of each dimension, contribution of collectivistic culture, different types of ACEs and limited incidence of ACEs among the general college student population.

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Negative self-appraisal: Personal reasons for dying as indicators of suicidality

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Measuring the suicidal mind: The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults

Measuring the suicidal mind: The ‘open source’ Suicidality Scale, for adolescents and adults

Persistence of suicidal ideation within acute phase treatment of major depressive disorder: analysis of clinical predictors

Which dimensions of forgiveness mediate and moderate childhood trauma and depression? Insights to prevent suicide risk among university students

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