Negative sulfur-based electrodes and their application in battery cells: Dual-ion batteries as an example

Abstract

In this work, a cell concept comprising of an anion intercalating graphite-based positive electrode (cathode) and an elemental sulfur-based negative electrode (anode) is presented as a transition metal- and in a specific concept even Li-free cell setup using a Li-ion containing electrolyte or a Mg-ion containing electrolyte. The cell achieves discharge capacities of up to 37 mAh g−1 and average discharge cell voltages of up to 1.9 V. With this setup, more than 100 cycles with a high capacity retention (> 90% of the highest achieved value) and Coulombic efficiencies up to 95% could be achieved, which opens a broad new field for energy storage approaches.

Spreading the Landscape of Dual Ion Batteries: from Electrode to Electrolyte

“…Lithium dendrites that grow out of control during metal plating or exfoliation can result in internal short circuits, quick capacity deterioration, and other possible safety problems. Lithium‐free anode is an excellent alternative to the interface alteration and structural engineering mentioned above [130] . Theoretically, lithium‐free anode DIB with carbon paper anode is expected to have specific energy densities of 387 and 320 Wh kg −1 at 450 and 970 W kg −1 , outperforming most other DIBs [131] .…”

“…Lithium-free anode is an excellent alternative to the interface alteration and structural engineering mentioned above. [130] Theoretically, lithium-free anode DIB with carbon paper anode is expected to have specific energy densities of 387 and 320 Wh kg À 1 at 450 and 970 W kg À 1 , outperforming most other DIBs. [131] This idea may be used in the Zn-DIB, where Feng and co-workers created the first anode-free Zn//graphite cell using electroplating, which has a two times higher energy density than a typical Zn//graphite DIB.…”