Negative symptoms are associated with lower autonomous motivation towards physical activity in people with schizophrenia

Abstract

Negative symptoms are associated with lower autonomous motivation towards physical activity in people with schizophrenia, Comprehensive Psychiatry (2014Psychiatry ( ), doi: 10.1016Psychiatry ( /j.comppsych.2014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractObjective: This cross-sectional study examined the association between psychiatric symptoms and motivation for physical activity within the self-determination theory (SDT) framework in people with schizophrenia.Method: Over a 4-month period, 55 (17♀) inpatients with a DSM-V diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed with the Psychosis Evaluation tool for Common use by Caregivers (PECC) and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2), that provided separate scores for amotivation, external, introjected and autonomous regulation.Spearman correlations coefficients were examined between these motivation scores and symptom ratings.Results: The BREQ-2 score for autonomous regulations (2.6±1.1) was significantly correlated with the PECC negative symptoms score (10.3±4.1) (r=-0.34, p=0.011). No other significant correlations between BREQ-2 and PECC scores were found. The BREQ-2 score for external regulations (0.7±0.9) was associated with older age (35.2±11.3 years) (r=-0.30, p=0.024).Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that negative symptoms are associated with lower autonomous motivation towards physical activity in inpatients with schizophrenia.Future longitudinal research should confirm the current findings. Such research will guide physical activity approaches aimed at facilitating enhanced physical and mental health outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.

How much physical activity do people with schizophrenia engage in? A systematic review, comparative meta-analysis and meta-regression

“…Our data also indicate that in particular depressive symptoms might be a barrier for engaging in PA. A reason for the association between symptoms of depression and less time spent in vigorous PA might be the fact that feelings of depression are associated with a lower self-efficacy and increased negative outcome expectations when having the intention to engage in sport activities (Kramer et al, 2014). In addition, lower motivation and volition are also key factors (Vancampfort et al, 2014).…”

Endurance training in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls: differences and similarities

“…Specific complicating characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in comparison with the healthy population are fatigue and sedation (e.g., due to antipsychotic treatment), schizophrenia symptoms, a high level of anxiety and depression, antipsychotic-induced weight gain, a lower level of education, little experience with sport, and only few social contacts [50]. The lack of motivation for physical activity in the context of negative symptoms [51,52] and the general difficulty of changing activity habits [53] should be considered as barriers as well. After cessation of the intervention, only 11 % of the patients were able to continue their training on their own, although 60 % had expressed a wish to participate in sports programs in future.…”

Sport: A Possible Road toward Social Inclusion and Quality of Life

“…Aerobic exercise positively affects cognitive performance in hospitalized subjects, suffering from schizophrenia or depression [20]. Physical activity in severe psychiatric disorders helps to prevent metabolic and cardiovascular diseases [21], improves the satisfaction about the body and self-esteem [22], and is used as part of a multi-functional rehabilitation treatment in schizophrenia, although the negative symptoms may hinder the program, reducing the motivation and causing dropouts [23]. The exercise of an overlearned physical skill, as biking, improves brain connectivity in patients and healthy individuals [24].…”