Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Constructs, Burden, and Management

Born, Christoph; Szatmári, B.; Laszlovszky, István; GyörgyNémeth,

doi:10.5772/intechopen.73300

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Reduced expression and emotion. The patient looks immobile, lifeless, rigid wood-like expression, minimum eye contact, monotonous tone of speech [4].…”

Section: Blunted Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social withdrawal, reduced interest, and happiness in social interaction, neglect self-care, and ADL (Activity Daily Living) [4].…”

Section: Asocialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the course of schizophrenia, we will find negative symptoms in the prodromal phase, residual phase, and several times in between episodes. Negative symptoms are prominent in hebephrenic schizophrenia, simplex schizophrenia, and residual schizophrenia [4].…”

Section: Asocialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only the negative symptoms last longer than positive symptoms [3], they also affect the independency of the patients in performing activities of daily living, socializing, work, or school [2]. In the end, negative symptoms will become an economic burden for the patient, family, and the community [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Symptoms Management in Schizophrenia

Lolobua

Khairina

Wardani

et al. 2021

JPS

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Clinicians often overlook the presence of negative symptoms in treating schizophrenia. The burden borne by patients, families, and society is quite heavy. These symptoms not only have high costs, but also affect the functional prognosis in independence and socializing. There is a need for adequate therapy of negative symptoms of schizophrenia which can improve the patient’s quality of life. Negative symptoms are characterized by blunt affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia, and asociality. Knowing the difference between the primary and secondary types of negative symptoms of schizophrenia can bring big impact on the therapy. The primary type of negative symptoms is an integral part of schizophrenia, while the secondary one is caused by external conditions of schizophrenia, such as depression. Management of negative symptoms of schizophrenia includes psychopharmaceuticals and non-psychopharmaceuticals. Atypical antipsychotics remain the drug of choice due to their affinity not only to D2 receptor, but also to serotonin, glutamate, histamine, α adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors. In addition, the higher dissociation rate of D2 receptors of atypical antipsychotics allow for minimal motor side effect. Cariprazine has been approved by The Food and Drug Associaton and The European Medicines Agency to treat primary and persistent negative symptoms due to its minimal side effect. Non-pharmacological therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivation and Engagement Training (MOVE) can optimize the treatment efficacy. These therapies will enhance the cognitive improvement, adaptation, and social skill development of the patients.

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“…Reduced expression and emotion. The patient looks immobile, lifeless, rigid wood-like expression, minimum eye contact, monotonous tone of speech [4].…”

Section: Blunted Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social withdrawal, reduced interest, and happiness in social interaction, neglect self-care, and ADL (Activity Daily Living) [4].…”

Section: Asocialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asocialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Symptoms Management in Schizophrenia

Lolobua

Khairina

Wardani

et al. 2021

JPS

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“…1) The energy concentration in the frequency domain of schizophrenia speech is almost below 5000Hz, while normal speech has a wider range of energy concentration bands, that can be extended from 8000Hz to 10000Hz. Blunted affecting is a construct of negative symptoms in schizophrenia [77]. Schizophrenia patients with negative symptoms may speak with a dull monotone voice [78], resulting in a small range of the energy concentration region.…”

Section: Network Visualization Using Grad-cammentioning

confidence: 99%

Sch-net: A Deep Learning Architecture for Automatic Schizophrenia Setection

Yang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disease, which largely influences the daily life and work of patients. In the clinic, schizophrenia with negative symptoms is usually misdiagnosed and hardly treated. The diagnosis is also dependent on the experience of clinicians. It is urgent to develop an objective and effective method to diagnose schizophrenia with negative symptoms. Recent studies had shown that impaired speech could be considered as an indicator to diagnose schizophrenia. The literature about schizophrenia speech detection was mainly based on feature engineering, in which effective feature extraction is difficult because of the variability of speech signals. Methods: A novel deep learning architecture based on a convolutional neural network, termed Sch-net, is designed for end-to-end schizophrenia speech detection in this work. It avoids the procedure of artificial feature extraction and combines the advantages of skip connections and attention mechanism to discriminate schizophrenia patients and controls. Results: We validate our Sch-net through ablation experiments on a schizophrenia speech dataset that contains 28 schizophrenia patients and 28 healthy controls. The comparisons with the models based on feature engineering and classic deep neural networks are also conducted. The experimental results show that the Sch-net has a great performance on schizophrenia speech detection task, which can achieve 97.76% accuracy on the schizophrenia speech dataset. To further verify the generalization of our model, the Sch-net is tested on open access LANNA children speech database for specific language impairment detection. Our code is available at https://github.com/Scu-sen/Sch-net. Conclusions: Extensive experiments show that the proposed Sch-net can provide the aided information for the diagnosis of schizophrenia speech and specific language impairment.

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Use of Benzodiazepines and Antipsychotic Drugs Are Inversely Associated With Acute Readmission Risk in Schizophrenia

Strømme

Mellesdal²,

Bartz-Johannesen

et al. 2022

J Clin Psychopharmacol

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Purpose Little is known about the impact of different psychotropic drugs on acute readmission risk, when used concomitantly in a real-life setting. We aimed to investigate the association between acute readmission risk and use of antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and benzodiazepines in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A cohort study included all patients diagnosed with schizophrenia admitted to a psychiatric acute unit at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen, Norway, during a 10-year period (N = 663). Patients were followed from discharge until first readmission or censoring. Cox multiple regression analyses were conducted using antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and benzodiazepines as time-dependent variables, and periods of use and nonuse were compared within individual patients. Adjustments were made for sex, age at index admission, and excessive use of alcohol and illicit substances. Results A total of 410 patients (61.8%) were readmitted during follow-up, and the mean and median times in days to readmission were 709 and 575, respectively. Compared with nonuse, the use of antipsychotic drugs was associated with reduced risk of readmission (adjusted hazards ratio, 0.20; P < 0.01; confidence interval, 0.16–0.24), and the use of benzodiazepines was associated with increased risk of readmission (adjusted hazards ratio, 1.51; P < 0.01; confidence interval, 1.13–2.02). However, no relation to readmission risk was found for the use of antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Conclusions We found that use of benzodiazepines and antipsychotic drugs are inversely associated with acute readmission risk in schizophrenia.

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Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Constructs, Burden, and Management

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Negative Symptoms Management in Schizophrenia

Negative Symptoms Management in Schizophrenia

Sch-net: A Deep Learning Architecture for Automatic Schizophrenia Setection

Use of Benzodiazepines and Antipsychotic Drugs Are Inversely Associated With Acute Readmission Risk in Schizophrenia

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