Negatively charged xenon atoms and clusters

Haberland, Hellmut; Kolar, Thomas; Reiners, Thomas

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.63.1219

Cited by 74 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Stampfli and Bennemann [3] have proposed a dielectric continuum model to calculate the electron affinity of small rare gas clusters and determined the critical cluster size to be Xe 6 Xe 9 . The experimental evidence for the existence of stable Xe 2 n was provided by Haberland and co-workers [4]. The existence of small Xe 2 n has been unambiguously demonstrated, yet the critical cluster size for electron binding in the ground state cluster was inconclusive (n 6 or smaller), due to the possible presence of electronically metastable Xe 2 n .…”

Section: Israela Becker Gil Markovich and Ori Cheshnovskymentioning

confidence: 96%

Bound Delocalized Excited States inI−XenClusters

1997

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By combining photoelectron spectra and photodetachment action spectra of I 2 Xe n clusters ͑n 1 12͒, we have identified bound extended excited electronic states. The critical size to the binding of such states is n . 4 5. The spatial confinement and the binding energy of the excited states increase monotonously with the cluster size. We discuss the analogy between these bound electronic states and the binding of excess electrons in the Xe 2 n clusters. This study introduces a new methodology for the investigation of empty bands in clusters, residing above or below the vacuum level, via the excitation of slightly perturbing impurity states. [S0031-9007(97)04337-8] PACS numbers: 36.40.Wa, 33.80.Eh, 36.40.Cg Ground state noble gas atoms with their closed shell do not bind electrons. In the bulk, however, the collective polarizability of the rare gas atoms induces the energetic stabilization of excess quasifree electrons (the bottom of the conduction band of solid xenon lies ഠ0.58 eV below the vacuum level [1]). Evidently, exceeding some size, xenon clusters bind excess electrons. These bound extended states are the precursors of the conduction band excess electrons in bulk xenon. As such, xenon clusters provide a classical model system in cluster science, where at some critical size the growing cluster acquires properties which are typical to the bulk and are not existent in smaller particles.Two groups have performed theoretical calculations [2,3], predicting the minimal xenon cluster size to bind an electron to be 6-7 atoms; Martyna and Berne [2] have applied diffusion Monte Carlo simulations using a pair-polarization model, finding that an electron would attach to a cluster as small as Xe 6 . Further calculations, taking into account the many-body polarization model, found the smallest cluster to bind an electron to be Xe 7 . Stampfli and Bennemann [3] have proposed a dielectric continuum model to calculate the electron affinity of small rare gas clusters and determined the critical cluster size to be Xe 6 Xe 9 . The experimental evidence for the existence of stable Xe 2 n was provided by Haberland and co-workers [4]. The existence of small Xe 2 n has been unambiguously demonstrated, yet the critical cluster size for electron binding in the ground state cluster was inconclusive (n 6 or smaller), due to the possible presence of electronically metastable Xe 2 n . In these experiments, the very low concentrations of clusters, resulting from their low electron binding energy, prevented further spectroscopic studies.We have studied the evolution of bound excess electron states in the xenon clusters by using I 2 Xe n clusters. In its ground state the electron is localized on the anion, which is solvated by the xenon cluster. The bare iodine anion does not support any bound excited state, and the localized impurity electron can be only photoexcited to the extended states in the xenon-iodine cluster. It is an analog process to the L-type excitations of F centers [5] into the conduction band, in alkali-halide crystals....

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Section: Israela Becker Gil Markovich and Ori Cheshnovskymentioning

confidence: 96%

Bound Delocalized Excited States inI−XenClusters

1997

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“…There is a belief that correlation forces are a key ingredient in defining the structure of solvated electrons ( 25 ) and controlling electron mobility in liquid Xe ( 26 ). To date, experimental evidence that correlation forces can bind an excess electron has come indirectly through the observation of (Xe) n − ( n = 6 and 7) by mass spectrometry in which the ground state is a nonvalence CBS ( 21 , 27 ), and from Rydberg electron transfer measurements on C 60 , identifying near threshold s-wave electron attachment ( 28 ). However, the direct spectroscopic observation of a nonvalence CBS has remained elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation and ultrafast dynamics of a nonvalence correlation-bound state of an anion

Bull

Verlet

2017

Sci. Adv.

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“…Like all noble gases, krypton does not form stable negative ions, although metastable negative ions of xenon with a lifetime of about 100 ^s seem to exist [12], Consequently it is not feasible to produce abundant negative ions and use a tandem accelerator as is the case for traditional AMS measurements [13], Therefore a program to Start AMS detection of noble gas radionuclides using positive ions was started a few years ago [5], The main technical problem for the detection of ''Kr with AMS resides in the Separation from the isobaric background. As there is still very little understanding of the source of bromine we concentrated our efforts on the Separation of ''Kr from ''Er using füll Stripping (see Fig.…”

Section: Development Of Ams For "Kr Using Positive Ion Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measurement of the Long-lived Radionuclide ⁸¹Kr in Pre-nuclear and Present-day Atmospheric Krypton

et al. 1999

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Isotopic ratios of "'Kr/Kr in the ränge of 10~" were measured with accelerator mass spectrometry in pre-nuclear atmospheric krypton and in modern krypton. Within the experimental uncertainty (±30%) the "'Kr/Kr ratios were found to be the same. This establishes ^'Kr (t," = 230000 years) as a long-lived cosmogenic radionuclide essentially unaffected by anthropogenic contributions, and therefore well suited for dating applications. The anthropogenic "cleanliness" of "'Kr is in accord with estimates for contributions from various human activities.

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Negatively charged xenon atoms and clusters

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

Bound Delocalized Excited States inI−XenClusters

Bound Delocalized Excited States inI−XenClusters

Observation and ultrafast dynamics of a nonvalence correlation-bound state of an anion

Measurement of the Long-lived Radionuclide ⁸¹Kr in Pre-nuclear and Present-day Atmospheric Krypton

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Negatively charged xenon atoms and clusters

Cited by 74 publications

References 14 publications

Bound Delocalized Excited States inI−XenClusters

Bound Delocalized Excited States inI−XenClusters

Observation and ultrafast dynamics of a nonvalence correlation-bound state of an anion

Measurement of the Long-lived Radionuclide 81Kr in Pre-nuclear and Present-day Atmospheric Krypton

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Measurement of the Long-lived Radionuclide ⁸¹Kr in Pre-nuclear and Present-day Atmospheric Krypton