Negotiating Nature: Collaboration and Conflict Between Aboriginal and Conservation Interests in New South Wales, Australia

Abstract

Faced with the paradox of a large global increase in conservation reserves and a simultaneous global decrease in actual effective protection for biodiversity, conservation scientists and policymakers are questioning established conservation theory and practice. I argue that the fundamental premises, the foundational myths, for Western-style conservation also need to be questioned. The statistics on Indigenous land claims, and conservation reserves, in Australia and more specifically the state of New South Wales (NSW), reveal a landscape of policy failure in both arenas. Focusing on Australia, I use spatial analysis and policy histories to demonstrate converging trajectories of land use priorities for conservation needs and Indigenous peoples' needs. This intersection, while generating much potential for conflict, also creates new political landscapes. A combination of spatial and cultural analyses can create a clear picture of new "operational landscapes", and an understanding of the (sometimes) complementary values of different cultural groups negotiating about these landscapes. From the basis that environmental problems are fundamentally social problems, this paper contributes to explorations of new paradigms supporting new social-ecological relationships, and new relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. IntroductionSince the declaration of national parks at Yosemite in 1864 and Yellowstone in 1872, the concept of national parks as the centerpiece of nature conservation policy has spread across the globe. This concept is embedded in Western paradigms, both scientifically and culturally. The last decade has seen increasing challenge, and change, to this concept, including interactions with indigenous peoples, who may operate from quite different paradigms about the relationships between people and nature.Examination of nature/culture issues has been a major preoccupation of geographers and others over the last 10 years (for example, Cronon, 1995; Braun & Castree, 1998;Head, 2000;Eden, 2001;Demeritt, 2002). Geographers are also exploring issues in indigenous and postcolonial geographies (Peters & Wolf-Keddie 1995; Howitt, Connell & Hirsch, 1996; Baker, Davies & Young, 2001;Nash, 2002). Some of this work has considered conservation management (Proctor & Pincetl, 1996;Katz, 1998;Zimmerer, 2000), and some has considered interactions between indigenous people AbstractFaced with the paradox of a large global increase in conservation reserves and a simultaneous global decrease in actual effective protection for biodiversity, conservation scientists and policymakers are questioning established conservation theory and practice. I argue that the fundamental premises, the foundational myths, for Western-style conservation also need to be questioned. The statistics on Indigenous land claims, and conservation reserves, in Australia and more specifically the state of New South Wales (NSW), reveal a landscape of policy failure in both arenas. Focusing on Australia, I use spatial analysis and poli...

Nature, culture and time: Contested landscapes among environmental managers in Skåne, southern Sweden

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Black Country, White Wilderness: Conservation, Colonialism, and Conflict in Tasmania

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