Negotiating Transnational Mobility and Gender Definitions in the Context of Migration

Abstract

The rise of mobility and transnationalism perspectives in the social sciences has contributed to a burgeoning literature on the cross-border movements of people. Gender as a conceptual lens has increasingly taken a central stage in the analyses, unveiling unequal power relations as well as unmasking the often-hidden macro-social processes and structures that shape them. As a category of difference, gender influences individuals’ attitudes and behavior, including their decision to migrate or not across borders of nation-states. This raises the question of how transnational mobility and gender intersect in the lives of individuals. To shed light on this issue, this article takes stock of the literature on transnational migrations associated with social reproduction: labor, marriage, and reproductive migrations. Such research reveals individuals’ tactics to negotiate their transnational mobility and gender definitions: using the dominant gender scripts in the country of origin, reconciling the gender ideologies in their countries of origin and destination, or aligning their narratives to specific moral values. Transnational mobility acquires different social meanings at certain points in time and in varying contexts, whereas gender remains at large anchored to its heteronormative foundation. Finally, based on the analysis of existing studies, a more holistic approach to transnational mobility through a sexuality-inclusive, process-oriented, subjectivity- and agency-focused, and time-sensitive framework is called for.

Crossing the Boundaries of Gender: Care Experiences Among Bolivian Aymara Migrant Women in the Andean Triple-Border

“…With "intersectionality," we allude to the fact that the intersection between markers that configure vulnerability (class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age) magnifies the experience of social exclusion. 20 The applicability of the concept to the mobilities of transborder women requires precision since their experiences are simultaneously crossed by the borders of Nation-states and by the boundaries of the social and political hierarchies of each space. 21 To understand female border mobilities, one must consider "the social positioning or situatedness of the social agents whose experiences, reasoning, and action are shaped by and contribute to shaping the interplay of borders and boundaries."…”