Neighborhood Residence and Mental Health Problems of 5- to 11-Year-Olds

Xue, Yange; Leventhal, Tama; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne; Earls, Felton J.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.554

Cited by 444 publications

(390 citation statements)

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“…Although population research has established robust effects of poverty and inequality on these outcomes (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42), neural mechanisms of these effects have not been a primary focus in population approaches. However, within neuroscience and health psychology, research has begun to show that early life experiences such as parenting and SES have effects on brain areas such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (43)(44)(45)(46)(47), areas that have also been linked to a variety of relevant outcomes such as crime and violence (48,49), depression (50), social cognition (51,52), drug use (53,54), and cognitive control (55).…”

Section: Current Practices In Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is a representative brain? Neuroscience meets population science

Falk

Hyde

Mitchell³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

231

191

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The last decades of neuroscience research have produced immense progress in the methods available to understand brain structure and function. Social, cognitive, clinical, affective, economic, communication, and developmental neurosciences have begun to map the relationships between neuro-psychological processes and behavioral outcomes, yielding a new understanding of human behavior and promising interventions. However, a limitation of this fast moving research is that most findings are based on small samples of convenience. Furthermore, our understanding of individual differences may be distorted by unrepresentative samples, undermining findings regarding brain-behavior mechanisms. These limitations are issues that social demographers, epidemiologists, and other population scientists have tackled, with solutions that can be applied to neuroscience. By contrast, nearly all social science disciplines, including social demography, sociology, political science, economics, communication science, and psychology, make assumptions about processes that involve the brain, but have incorporated neural measures to differing, and often limited, degrees; many still treat the brain as a black box. In this article, we describe and promote a perspective-population neuroscience-that leverages interdisciplinary expertise to (i) emphasize the importance of sampling to more clearly define the relevant populations and sampling strategies needed when using neuroscience methods to address such questions; and (ii) deepen understanding of mechanisms within population science by providing insight regarding underlying neural mechanisms. Doing so will increase our confidence in the generalizability of the findings. We provide examples to illustrate the population neuroscience approach for specific types of research questions and discuss the potential for theoretical and applied advances from this approach across areas.neuroimaging | life course | statistics | survey methodology | physics Why Population Neuroscience? How do biology, social situations, and the broader environmental context interact to guide behavior, health, and development? This question is fundamental to most, if not all, social and behavioral sciences. We argue that to effectively address the many topics that stem from this larger question across disciplines, it is necessary to (i) bring a "population perspective" to neuroscience and (ii) leverage neuroscience tools within population sciences, which are subdisciplines of many fields, areas, and departments focused on documenting and understanding the dynamics of human populations, including outcomes such as health, well-being, behavior, etc.

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Section: Current Practices In Neuroimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is a representative brain? Neuroscience meets population science

Falk

Hyde

Mitchell³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

231

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These are areas dominated by low social status, violence, drug dealing, low educational level of parents, unemployment, unsatisfactory health standards, and scanty leisure opportunities. 21 Although some studies have reported an association between neighborhood disadvantage and worse mental health in children and adolescents in developed countries, 22 the consequences of living in poorer neighborhoods for the mental health and QOL of pre-and early adolescents in Brazil have not been thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health and quality of life in pre- and early adolescents: a school-based study in two contrasting urban areas

Cucchiaro

Dalgalarrondo

2007

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Mental health and quality of life in pre-and early adolescents: a school-based study in two contrasting urban areas Saúde mental e qualidade de vida em adolescentes: um estudo entre escolares em duas áreas urbanas contrastantes A b s t r a c t Objective: To estimate the prevalence of mental health problems and to assess the quality of life in pre-and early adolescents living in two contrasting urban areas in Brazil, as well as to identify the impact of demographic factors on mental health, quality of life and school performance. Method: Using school samples, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Quality of Life Inventory were administered to 424 (52%) boys and 387 (48%) girls (mean age 12.6 ± 1.3 years) in better-off central and poorer outer-city areas. Results: In the total sample, the prevalence of probable psychiatric cases was 10.1% (n = 77). There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence of behavior problems or global quality of life between central and outercity areas. However, boys from the outer-city had a higher prevalence of conduct problems (12% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.04), although girls did not differ significantly on any measure. In general, factors associated with poorer mental health were: having no religion, divorced parents, and being male. Conclusion: Living in the poorer outer-city was not associated with worse mental health or quality of life in this sample. This is in contrast with the findings of some other studies, and possible protective factors such as female gender and religion are discussed. Descriptors: Adolescent health; Mental disorders; Poverty; Gender identity; ReligionResumo Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de problemas de saúde mental e estudar a qualidade de vida em adolescentes de duas áreas urbanas contrastantes no Brasil. Além disso, identificar o impacto de fatores demográficos sobre a saúde mental, qualidade de vida e rendimento escolar. Método: Numa amostra de estudantes foram aplicados o Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire e o Inventário de Qualidade de Vida em 424 (52%) garotos e 387 (48%) garotas (idade média 12,6 ± 1,3 anos) de regiões centrais e da periferia da cidade. Resultados: Na amostra total, a prevalência de algum provável problema mental foi de 10,1% (n = 77). Comparando centro e periferia, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na prevalência de algum problema mental e qualidade de vida global. Entretanto, os meninos da periferia apresentaram significativamente mais problemas de conduta (12% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.04), enquanto as meninas das duas regiões não diferiram quanto à saúde mental e rendimento escolar. Os fatores associados a uma pior saúde mental foram: não ter religião, ter os pais divorciados e ser do gênero masculino. Conclusão: Viver na periferia não foi associado a uma pior saúde mental e qualidade de vida nesta amostra. Isso contrasta com os achados de outros estudos e fatores de proteção, como gênero feminino e religião, são discutidos.

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“…[23,36] Collective efficacy is a form of cognitive social capital that has been widely used in studies assessing the relationship between neighborhood or community context and health outcomes. Research has documented effects of collective efficacy on a number of health outcomes in children, including adolescent suicidality, [37] asthma, [38] obesity, [39] healthy activities, [40] general health, [41] neglectful and harsh parenting, [42] adolescent sexual risk behavior, [43] and mental health, including antisocial behavior at school entry, [30] internalizing problems among elementary school children, [29] and a composite childhood mental health scale. [44] However, to our knowledge, there are no studies specifically examining the role of collective efficacy on ADHD prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30] Xue et al found that the prevalence of children with internalizing mental health disorders increased as socioeconomic status in their Chicago neighborhoods decreased. [29] How-ever, this effect was mitigated in neighborhoods with high ratings of collective efficacy and community participation. More recently, Butler et al studied the association between parent-reported neighborhood conditions and childhood internalizing and externalizing mental health conditions, using the same national data set as used in this study, the 2007 NSCH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of collective efficacy and childhood mental health have varied in their outcome measures, [28][29][30][31] but most have shown reduced odds of poor mental health as collective efficacy increased. None, however, have examined the relationship specifically between ADHD and collective efficacy utilizing a covariate package that included multiple variables previously related to ADHD risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

Derauf

Pandey

Liesinger

et al. 2015

JER

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Objective: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors. Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002). Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level). Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

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Neighborhood Residence and Mental Health Problems of 5- to 11-Year-Olds

Abstract: A large number of children in poor neighborhoods have mental health problems. The mechanism through which neighborhood economic effects operated was community social control and cohesion, which may be amenable to intervention.

Cited by 444 publications

References 56 publications

What is a representative brain? Neuroscience meets population science

What is a representative brain? Neuroscience meets population science

Mental health and quality of life in pre- and early adolescents: a school-based study in two contrasting urban areas

Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

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