Neighborhood socioeconomics, food environment and land use determinants of public health: Isolating the relative importance for essential policy insights

Zhou, Min; Tan, Shukui; Tao, Yinghui; Lu, Yongzhong; Zuo, Zhuang; Zhang, Lu; Yan, Danping

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.07.043

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These findings parallel previous research in India [21] and sub-Saharan Africa [20] and may reflect urbanization-induced characteristics in the food and physical environments that promote obesity, diabetes, and other cardio-metabolic diseases [38,66]. Such characteristics may include convenient access to shops to purchase snack foods and sweetened beverages, reduced physical activity due to proximity of amenities, and social networks and employment opportunities contributing to elevated SES [61,67,68]. This is an important finding, as it likely reflects the considerable variability and health implications of socio-economic, lifestyle, and dietary patterns occurring within rural regions of South India.…”

Section: --supporting

confidence: 83%

“…small millets, barley, and buckwheat) and a diversification of food consumption [71]. In some ways, this shift mirrors prior changes in many high-income countries, including increased intake of refined sugars, saturated fats, and animal products [4,68]. India's nutrition transition is driven by rising incomes, economic development, urbanization, increased access to processed foods, changing food preferences, and shifting agricultural patterns, all of which are influenced by government policy and market forces [4,59].…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: The double burden of malnutrition is the co-occurrence of undernutrition (e.g. underweight, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies) and over-nutrition (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) at the population, household, or individual level. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and determinants of individual-level co-morbid anemia and overweight and co-morbid anemia and diabetes in a population in rural Tamil Nadu, South India. Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional study of adults (n = 753) in a rural region of Tamil Nadu, South India. A survey assessed socio-demographic factors, physical activity levels, and dietary intake. Clinical measurements included body-mass index, an oral glucose tolerance test, and blood hemoglobin assessments. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between risk factors and two co-morbid double burden pairings: (1) anemia and overweight, and (2) anemia and diabetes. Results: Prevalence of co-morbid anemia and overweight was 23.1% among women and 13.1% among men. Prevalence of co-morbid anemia and diabetes was 6.2% among women and 6.3% among men. The following variables were associated with co-morbid anemia and overweight in multivariable models [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)]: female sex [2.3 (1.4, 3.85)], high caste [3.2 (1.34, 7.49)], wealth index [1.1 (1.00, 1.12)], rurality (0.7 [0.56, 0.85]), tobacco consumption [0.6 (0.32, 0.96)], livestock ownership [0.5 (0.29, 0.89)], and energy-adjusted meat intake [1.8 (0.61, 0.94)]. The following variables were associated with co-morbid anemia and diabetes in multivariable models: age [1.1 (1.05, 1.11)], rurality [0.8 (0.57, 0.98)], and family history of diabetes [4.9 (1.86, 12.70). Conclusion: This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with individual-level double burden of malnutrition. Women in rural regions of India may be particularly vulnerable to individual-level double burden of malnutrition and should be a target population for any nutrition interventions to address simultaneous over-and undernutrition.

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Section: --supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 94%

Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…Cross-sectional evidence from multiple settings identified significant associations between the availability (measured as density) of food vendors and BMI, although vendor type was found to have variable associations ( 86 , 88 ). For example, a significant positive relationship was found between convenience stores and BMI in Ghana as hypothesized, whilst a significant negative relationship was found between out-of-home foods and BMI, the opposite to what was expected ( 86 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Only 1 study featured health outcomes in the form of doctor-diagnosed diseases (e.g., hypertension); however, no significant associations were found and the results are not reported in the text ( 72 ). On the whole, the quality of evidence from studies examining associations between food environment exposure and dietary, nutrition, and health outcomes was low, with 2 articles rated good ( 22 , 73 ), 5 rated fair ( 25 , 74 – 77 ), and 16 rated poor ( 20 , 24 , 26 , 71 , 72 , 78 – 88 ) ( Supplemental Tables 4 and 5 ). We therefore encourage the reader to exercise caution when interpreting results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Environment Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review

Turner

Kalamatianou

Drewnowski

et al. 2020

Advances in Nutrition

203

202

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Food environment research is increasingly gaining prominence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, in the absence of a systematic review of the literature, little is known about the emerging body of evidence from these settings. This systematic scoping review aims to address this gap. A systematic search of 6 databases was conducted in December 2017 and retrieved 920 records. In total, 70 peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Collectively, articles spanned 22 LMICs, including upper-middle-income countries ( n = 49, 70%) and lower-middle-income countries ( n = 18, 26%). No articles included low-income countries. Articles featured quantitative ( n = 45, 64%), qualitative ( n = 17, 24%), and mixed-method designs ( n = 11, 8%). Studies analyzed the food environment at national, community, school, and household scales. Twenty-three articles (55%) assessed associations between food environment exposures and outcomes of interest, including diets ( n = 14), nutrition status ( n = 13), and health ( n = 1). Food availability was associated with dietary outcomes at the community and school scales across multiple LMICs, although associations varied by vendor type. Evidence regarding associations between the food environment and nutrition and health outcomes was inconclusive. The paucity of evidence from high-quality studies is a severe limitation, highlighting the critical need for improved study designs and standardized methods and metrics. Future food environment research must address low-income and lower-middle-income countries, and include the full spectrum of dietary, nutrition, and health outcomes. Improving the quality of food environment research will be critical to the design of feasible, appropriate, and effective interventions to improve public health nutrition in LMICs.

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“…The primary reasons for exclusion are lack of neighbourhood food environment measures, no outcome reported on diet and obesity, and participants' residence outside mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao. The remaining seventeen studies that examined the relationship between neighbourhood food environment and diet and/or body weight status were included in the review (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) .…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of neighbourhood food environment on diet and obesity in China: a systematic review

Shen

2019

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective:This study systematically reviewed literature on the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet and obesity among residents in China.Design:A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include study designs: longitudinal/cohort studies or cross-sectional studies; study participants: people of all ages; exposures: neighbourhood food environment (e.g. restaurants, supermarkets, wet markets, fast-food restaurants, or convenience stores); outcomes: diet and/or body weight status; and country: China.Results:Seventeen studies met all criteria and were included. Among the eight studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet, six reported at least one statistically significant relationship in the expected direction, whereas the remaining two exclusively reported null effects. Among the eleven studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to body weight or overweight/obesity, ten reported a significant association whereas the remaining one reported a null relationship. Variety, density, and proximity of food outlets were positively associated with local residents’ dietary diversity, portion size, and daily caloric intake. Density and proximity of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores were positively associated with local residents’ adiposity in some but not all studies. Evidence linking any specific food outlet type to diet/obesity remains lacking due to the small number of studies and heterogeneities in food environment measures, geographical locations, and population subgroups.Conclusions:The neighbourhood food environment may influence diet and obesity among Chinese residents but the evidence remains preliminary. Future studies adopting an experimental study design and objective/validated environment and dietary measures are warranted.

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Neighborhood socioeconomics, food environment and land use determinants of public health: Isolating the relative importance for essential policy insights

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

Food Environment Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review

Impact of neighbourhood food environment on diet and obesity in China: a systematic review

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