Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: The mediating role of different types of physical activity

Pasanen, Tytti; White, Mathew P.; Wheeler, Benedict W.; Garrett, Joanne K.; Elliott, Lewis R.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105016

Cited by 153 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In the context of planetary health [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], this strategy will guarantee both preserving the health of ecosystems and promoting scuba divers’ health. The quality of blue spaces has been broadly linked to increased usage because of the attraction blue spaces hold for recreationists, with more activities being developed in these spaces and an increase in the population’s wellbeing, especially via the mechanism of increased physical activity [ 4 , 13 , 58 ]. However, more users usually mean more environmental damage [ 33 ]; therefore, there is a need to balance preserving a healthy environment with promoting a healthy population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Beneficial Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Scuba Diving on Human Mental Health

Carreño

Gascón

Vert

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Exposure to outdoor blue spaces can help improve human health by reducing stress, promoting social relationships, and physical activity. While most studies have focused on the adverse health effects of scuba diving, very few have assessed its health benefits. Moreover, when scuba diving is done in large groups with no diving instructor or pre-dive briefing, negative environmental impacts are generated and negative impacts on human health may also occur due to overcrowding, which may create stress. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of scuba diving on divers’ mental health using their diving practices to estimate the impacts on the ecosystem. In the marine-protected area of Cap de Creus and adjacent areas, we assessed the mental health of 176 divers and 70 beach users (control group) by employing a 29-item version of Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaires. According to the parameters associated with reduced environmental impacts, two scuba diving experiences were established. Poisson regression models were performed to assess both the contribution of the activity and diving experiences to POMS scores. Both groups (scuba divers and beach goers) reduced their POMS scores after carrying out the activities. Although no significant differences were found between beach and scuba diving activities, nor between the two different scuba diving experiences, our results showed that subjects with regular medication intake due to a chronic or psychiatric illness had a POMS reduction score significantly higher than other subjects. We conclude that both beach and scuba diving activities have positive effects for human mental health, particularly among subjects with regular medication intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been focusing on the health impacts of outdoor blue spaces (i.e., environments characterized by the presence of water bodies) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beneficial Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Scuba Diving on Human Mental Health

Carreño

Gascón

Vert

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Another investigation conducted in Spain, showed that contact with green and blue spaces is bene cial to the behavioral development of school children [37]. However, several other studies reported no signi cant association between blue space and mental health [38][39][40]. We wish more studies could focus on the association between blue space availability and T2DM prevalence in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Residential Green, Blue Spaces and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Health Study in China

Chen²,

Jiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Evidence on the health benefits of green space in residential environments is still limited, and few studies have investigated the potential association between blue space and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence. Methods: The study included 39,019 participants who had completed the baseline survey from Henan Rural Cohort, 2015–2017. The Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were employed to characterize the residential green space, and the distance from the participant's residential address to the nearest water body was considered to represent the residential blue space. Mixed effect models were applied to evaluate the associations of the residential environment with T2DM and fasting blood glucose levels. Results: An interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI and EVI was significantly associated with a 13.4% (Odds ratio (OR):0.866, 95%Confidence interval (CI): 0.830, 0.903) and 14.2% (OR:0.858, 95%CI: 0.817,0.901) decreased risk of T2DM, respectively. The residential green space was associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels in men (%change, –2.060 in men vs. –0.972 in women) and the elderly (%change, –1.696 in elderly vs. –1.268 in young people). Additionally, people who lived more than 5 km from the water body had a 15.7% lower risk of T2DM (OR: 0.843, 95% CI: 0.770, 0.923) and 1.829% lower fasting blood glucose levels (95% CI: –2.335%,–1.320%) than those who lived closer to the blue space. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that residential green space was beneficially associated with T2DM and fasting blood glucose levels. However, further research is needed to explore more comprehensively the relationship between residential blue space and public health.

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“…Consequently, other research has used repeat-cross sectional surveys such as the Heath Survey for England (HSE) that are able to compare individual level exposures with individual level outcomes. These data have not only replicated the basic pattern that people who live on the coast, especially those on lower incomes, have better mental health (Garrett et al, 2019a), they have also been used to investigate the mechanisms through which these effects emerge, e.g., greater physical activity (Pasanen et al, 2019). However, the cross-sectional nature of even these data mean that it is not possible to assume causality since people with better health may choose to live on the coast, a "selection effect."…”

Section: Bathing Waters Quality and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Moving Toward an Agenda on Ocean Health and Human Health in Europe

Borja¹,

White

Berdalet

et al. 2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The integrated study of ocean health and human health is an emerging area of increasing global importance. Growing evidences demonstrate that the health of the ocean and the health of humans have always been and will continue to be, inextricably linked. Our actions toward the oceans will significantly influence the future of the whole planet and, in turn, our own health. The current review of these issues arose from a summer school in San Sebastian (Spain), from 5th to 7th June, 2019. An interdisciplinary group of researchers discussed key risks (e.g., microbial pollution, pharmaceuticals, harmful algal blooms, plastic pollution) and benefits (e.g., bathing waters, recreation, tourism) of the seas and global ocean for humanity; and debated the future priorities and potential actions for a joint Oceans and Human Health research and governance programme in Europe. The aim of this review is to contribute to the emerging scientific agenda on ocean health and human health, as well as coordinate efforts with stakeholders, policy makers and the general public. This agenda operates within the larger context of the upcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development: 2021-2030, which strives to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including healthy (human) lives and well-being (SDG3) and conserving and sustainably using the oceans (SDG14), among others. In addition to summarizing some of the key risks and benefits, therefore, we describe the governance of oceans and health interactions (especially in Europe), and we finish by proposing a list of elements for potential future research priorities on oceans and human health.

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Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: The mediating role of different types of physical activity

Cited by 153 publications

References 64 publications

The Beneficial Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Scuba Diving on Human Mental Health

The Beneficial Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Scuba Diving on Human Mental Health

Residential Green, Blue Spaces and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Health Study in China

Moving Toward an Agenda on Ocean Health and Human Health in Europe

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