Neighbourhood inequality spillover effects of gentrification

Christafore, David; Leguizamon, Susane

doi:10.1111/pirs.12405

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, Kahn et al (2010) consider gentrification to be a rise in average house prices and, consequently, all census tracts would be eligible for gentrification. McKinnish et al (2010) and Ding et al (2016) consider a stricter requirement that census tracts must have an average income below the 50th percentile to be eligible for gentrification, while other research has imposed an even stricter definition that an eligible tract be in the bottom 25th percentile (Christafore and Leguizamon, 2019). An important consideration in our study is the separation between overall economic improvement and gentrification in particular, so we employ the more stringent definition used by Christafore and Leguizamon (2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McKinnish et al (2010) and Ding et al (2016) consider a stricter requirement that census tracts must have an average income below the 50th percentile to be eligible for gentrification, while other research has imposed an even stricter definition that an eligible tract be in the bottom 25th percentile (Christafore and Leguizamon, 2019). An important consideration in our study is the separation between overall economic improvement and gentrification in particular, so we employ the more stringent definition used by Christafore and Leguizamon (2019). More specifically, we identify census tracts as eligible to be gentrified if they are in the bottom 25% of average income in the MSA in 2000.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We incrementally include controls that have been shown to affect the likelihood that an area will gentrify, following Brueckner and Rosenthal (2009), Kolko (2007) and Christafore and Leguizamon (2019). Since the identification of our estimates comes from differences across MSAs rather than census tracts, we employ MSA-clustered standard errors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of land use regulation on the probability that low-income neighbourhoods will gentrify

Leguizamon

Christafore

2020

Urban Studies

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The divergence in housing price growth in the US in coastal cities relative to inland cities has been thought to occur, in large part, due to severe housing regulations and restrictions on development. Researchers have posited that this trend implies that these heavily regulated cities are experiencing higher incidences of gentrification. However, the gentrification of lower-income communities may be negatively influenced by restrictive regulations rather than positively, as is the case with overall housing price growth. This may occur if restrictions make it more difficult to improve housing structures and engage in new housing projects. We use data from over 12,000 census tracts to analyse the relationship between land use regulations and the probability an area will undergo gentrification in the years 2000 to 2010. By separating the influence of higher levels of regulation on overall housing price growth from the likelihood that a lower-income neighbourhood will gentrify, we find that regulation has opposing forces. While increased levels of regulation are associated with an almost 10% greater increase in overall housing prices, they are also associated with a three to four percentage-point lower probability that a lower-income tract will experience gentrification, contrary to previous conclusions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of land use regulation on the probability that low-income neighbourhoods will gentrify

Leguizamon

Christafore

2020

Urban Studies

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“…Changing housing prices and the resulting shift in the spatial distribution of employment are leading factors in gentrification. It significantly affects neighborhood structures and causes social and economic inequalities in urban areas (Christafore and Leguizamon, 2018 ). Kennedy et al ( 2001 ) define gentrification as “the process by which higher-income households displace lower-income [households] of a neighborhood, changing the essential character and flavor of that neighborhood.” Their study elaborates on the causes of this phenomenon, including increased median housing prices, increased traffic congestion, increased accessibility to city amenities, and rapid job growth alongside economic policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Prices and the Skills Composition of Neighborhoods

Althobaiti¹,

Alghumayjan²,

Frank³

et al. 2021

Front. Big Data

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In the United States (US), low-income workers are being pushed away from city centers where the cost of living is high. The effects of such changes on labor mobility and housing price have been explored in the literature. However, few studies have focused on the occupations and specific skills that identify the most susceptible workers. For example, it has become increasingly challenging to fill the service sector jobs in the San Francisco (SF) Bay Area because appropriately skilled workers cannot afford the growing cost of living within commuting distance. With this example in mind, how does a neighborhood's skill composition change as a result of higher housing prices? Are there certain skill sets that are being pushed to the geographical periphery of a city despite their essentialness to the city's economy? Our study focuses on the impact of housing prices with a granular view of skills compositions to answer the following question: Has the density of cognitive skill workers been increasing in a gentrified area? We hypothesize that, over time, low-skilled workers are pushed away from downtown or areas where high-skill establishments thrive. Our preliminary results show that high-level cognitive skills are getting closer to the city center indicating adaptation to the increase of median housing prices as opposed to low-level physical skills that got further away. We examined tracts that the literature indicates as gentrified areas and found a pattern in which there is a temporal increase in median housing prices and the number of business establishments coupled with an increase in the percentage of skilled cognitive workers.

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“…Although seen as a sign of commercial and civic vitality, this type of expansion also brings a measure of instability, particularly for residents who are economically vulnerable. Their sense of social disruption and displacement continues to receive attention from researchers documenting the ramifications of gentrification [17]. For neighborhoods in the midst of transformation, longtime residents may feel increasingly alienated as "existing services change, move, or are shut down-with concrete consequences for those [who are] relying on them."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Differences in the Rate of Type 2 Diabetes Among American Cities: How Urbanization Continues to Challenge the Traditional Epidemiological View

Young¹

2019

Urban Science

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As the world’s largest urban regions continue to expand, a concomitant rise in non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes, poses an increasingly ominous challenge to experts in the field of public health. Given that the majority of the world’s population (54%) resides in urban areas, a figure likely to reach two-thirds by 2050, this issue presents serious implications for medical practitioners as well as policymakers seeking to manage long-term healthcare costs while sustaining historic increases in life expectancy. To explore how these trends are continuing to affect the United States, a multiple regression analysis was conducted using data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through their initiative, 500 Cities: Local Data for Better Health. The regression models revealed that larger cities reported significantly higher rates of type 2 diabetes even after controlling for variables that have been perennially linked to disease onset (e.g., levels of obesity, sedentary behavior). Implications are discussed, most notably the argument for moving beyond the ‘food desert’ paradigm when identifying and explaining which characteristics of larger cities place their residents at increased risk. This approach could help reveal opportunities for intervention that may not have garnered sufficient attention in the extant literature.

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Neighbourhood inequality spillover effects of gentrification

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

The influence of land use regulation on the probability that low-income neighbourhoods will gentrify

The influence of land use regulation on the probability that low-income neighbourhoods will gentrify

Housing Prices and the Skills Composition of Neighborhoods

Exploring Differences in the Rate of Type 2 Diabetes Among American Cities: How Urbanization Continues to Challenge the Traditional Epidemiological View

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