Nematic liquid crystals formed by living amoeboid cells

Gruler, Hans; Dewald, U.; Eberhardt, Matthias

doi:10.1007/bf03219164

Cited by 70 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…It has been shown that Eq. (8) allows to describe the active motion of different cell types, such as granulocytes [7,24,25] monocytes [26] or neural crest cells [27]. Here, the speed v 0 expresses the fact that the motion of cells is not only driven by stochastic forces, instead cells are also capable of active motion.…”

Section: Pumping By Velocity-dependent Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brownian particles far from equilibrium

et al. 2000

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Section: Pumping By Velocity-dependent Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brownian particles far from equilibrium

et al. 2000

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“…The collective properties of active particles depend only on a few microscopic details. The self propulsion can be polar [21,24] or apolar [22,25]. The direction of propulsion may align parallel to or in a nematic manner with the neighboring particles [21,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-entrant phase separation in nematically aligning active polar particles

Bhattacherjee

Chaudhuri

2019

Soft Matter

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We present a numerical study of the phase behavior of repulsively interacting active polar particles that align their active velocities nematically. The amplitude of the active velocity, and the noise in its orientational alignment control the active nature of the system. At high values of orientational noise, the structural fluid undergoes a continuous nematic-isotropic transition in active orientation. This transition is well separated from a motility induced phase separation (MIPS) observed at lower noise strengths. The MIPS is characterized by the formation of high density hexatic clusters. With increasing activity, the system undergoes a re-entrant fluid-MIPS-fluid transition. The melting of hexatic is associated with proliferation of topological defects. The collective dynamics within MIPS progresses with sliding clusters, jamming and lane formation. * Electronic address: biplab@iopb.res.in † Electronic address: debc@iopb.res.in arXiv:1905.06801v1 [cond-mat.soft]

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“…Interestingly, many cellular systems display properties of liquid crystals such as local nematic alignment and the appearance of topological defects -singular points in the cellular alignment where the orientational order vanishes. Important examples are elongated fibroblasts at high densities [5], monolayers of epithelial cells such as Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK), human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) [6], and Human Bronchial Cells (HBC) [7], dense cultures of amoeboid cells [8], and neural progenitor stem cells [9]. However, unlike classic liquid crystals, these systems are 'active', constantly being driven out of equilibrium by the motion of individual cells within the tissue.…”

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confidence: 99%

Emergence of Active Nematic Behavior in Monolayers of Isotropic Cells

2019

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There is now growing evidence of the emergence and biological functionality of liquid crystal features, including nematic order and topological defects, in cellular tissues. However, how such features that intrinsically rely on particle elongation, emerge in monolayers of cells with isotropic shapes is an outstanding question. In this article we present a minimal model of cellular monolayers based on cell deformation and force transmission at the cell-cell interface that explains the formation of topological defects and captures the flow-field and stress patterns around them. By including mechanical properties at the individual cell level, we further show that the instability that drives the formation of topological defects and leads to active turbulence, emerges from a feedback between shape deformation and active driving. The model allows us to suggest new explanations for experimental observations in tissue mechanics, and to propose designs for future experiments. arXiv:1811.05040v2 [cond-mat.soft]

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Nematic liquid crystals formed by living amoeboid cells

Cited by 70 publications

References 1 publication

Brownian particles far from equilibrium

Brownian particles far from equilibrium

Re-entrant phase separation in nematically aligning active polar particles

Emergence of Active Nematic Behavior in Monolayers of Isotropic Cells

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