Nematicidal Potential of Green Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Root Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra

Abstract

Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) is a devastating soil-borne pathogen which can infect almost all cultivated plants around the globe, expediting huge pecuniary losses. The purpose of current study was to use the aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (GRAgNPs) and assess their nematicidal potential against M. incognita by in vitro methods, including hatching inhibition and mortality assays. The active uptake of FITC labeled GRAgNPs by the nematode and their effect on the expression of selected genes involved in oxidative stress and DNA damage repair were also studied. An HRTEM micrograph confirmed their spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 9.61 nm to 34.735 nm. Complete inhibition of egg-hatching was observed after 48 h of treatment with as low as 10.0 ppm of GRAgNPs. In addition, 100% mortality was recorded at the lowest dose of 6.0 ppm, after 12 h of treatment. The LC-50 for GRAgNPs was found to be 0.805 ± 0.177 ppm at p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.9930, and α = 0.05. The expression of targeted genes (skn-1, mev-1, sod-3, dhs-23, cyp-450, xpa, cpr-1, gst-n, and ugt) was significantly enhanced (1.09–2.79 folds), at 1.0 ppm (α = 0.05, 95% CI) GRAgNPs treatment. In conclusion, GRAgNPs performed efficaciously and considerably in contrast to chemical nematicide and commercial silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) and might be used as a promising alternative as relatively lower concentration and short exposure time were enough to cause higher mortality and nanotoxicity in nematodes.

Nematocidal and Bactericidal Activities of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Ficus sycomorus Leaf Extract

“…The concentration of FS-Ag-NPs needed to kill the J2s was found to be higher in our study, as other studies have reported the use of higher concentrations ranging from 20 to 150 ppm [ 48 , 49 ] and 125–1000 mg/L [ 50 ]. Our findings are not in agreement with previous reports by Baronia et al [ 51 ], who achieved 100% mortality at a concentration of 2 ppm after 24 h of Ag-NPs treatment, and Rani et al [ 11 ], who observed complete death of Meloidogyne incognita J2s at a low dose of 6 ppm after 12 h of treatment with Glycyrrhiza glabra -silver nanoparticles synthesized.…”

“…Nowadays, it is routinely stressed that agricultural output must be increased to keep up with the nutritional needs of the expanding global population. To this end, nanotechnology shows significant promise in many areas of agriculture, including the control of pests, pathogens, weeds, and diseases; the protection of plants; the preservation of soil and water quality; the monitoring of pollution; the improvement of crop quality; and the creation of nano-sensors [ 11 , 25 ].…”

“…Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major threat to agricultural production because they are soil-borne diseases that infect the roots of most crops, thereby lowering crop yield and quality [ 10 ]. Among them, root-knot nematodes, also known as Meloidogyne incognita , are a type of soil-borne disease that can infect nearly all types of cultivated plants worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses [ 11 , 12 ]. Plant pathogenic bacteria are among the most significant plant pathogens and can be found all over the world [ 13 ].…”

Bio-Fabrication of Euryale ferox (Makhana) Leaf Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential

“…In the case of aqueous flower extract of Musa acuminate -based AgNPs, IC 50 of 55ppm was reported against Vero cells [ 47 ]. AgNPs exhibited cytotoxicity via interaction with functional groups of cellular proteins, entering the cells by endocytosis, followed by their retention by P-glycoproteins [ 48 ].…”

Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Soybean By-Product with Nematicidal Efficacy against Pratylenchus brachyurus

“…Although our synthesized AgNPs demonstrated varied toxicity towards P. brachyurus, they did not have any negative effects on soybean plants. In a broader context, different studies suggest that exposure for up to 3 days at 100–800 µmol L −1 is needed to achieve noticeable reductions in phytonematode mobility or mortality [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. In our experiments, it was observed that a 48 h exposure with AgNPs was required to neutralize over 50% of the nematode population’s mobility (IC50) at concentrations ranging from 3.66 to 25.18 µmol L −1 .…”