Nematode Effector Proteins: Targets and Functions in Plant Parasitism

Rosso, Marie‐Noëlle; Hussey, R. S.; Davis, Eric; Smant, G.; Baum, Thomas J.; Abad, Pierre; Mitchum, Melissa G.

doi:10.1002/9781119949138.ch13

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…4). However, our in planta observations of five different RKN proteins secreted from three distinct secretory organs of the nematode, i.e., amphids, subventral and dorsal glands, reveal that the plant apoplasm constitutes an important compartment where these proteins are delivered during distinct phases of parasitism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteins secreted by root-knot nematodes accumulate in the extracellular compartment during root infection

Rosso

Vieira

Almeida-Engler

et al. 2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential role of this new been identified (reviewed in ref. 4). Only few RKN proteins have been shown to be secreted within host tissues during parasitism but the end localization of these secretions is still unknown.…”

Section: Nematode Proteins Are Secreted During Parasitism Within the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins secreted by root-knot nematodes accumulate in the extracellular compartment during root infection

Rosso

Vieira

Almeida-Engler

et al. 2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…These molecules are secreted from the nematode oesophageal gland cells, as well as from amphids and nematode surface cuticle (Davis et al 2008;Davis and Curtis 2011;Rosso et al 2012). A number of candidate effector genes, from both cyst nematodes and RKNs have been identified, using cDNA libraries from RNA extracted specifically from the oesophageal gland cells of these nematodes (Wang et al 2001;Gao et al 2003;Huang et al 2003;Hussey et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of the venom allergen—like protein (vap-1) and the fatty acid and retinol binding protein (far-1) genes in Meloidogyne hispanica

et al. 2014

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The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne hispanica has been found in all continents associated with a wide host range, including economically, important plants and can be considered a species of emerging importance. Considerable progress has been made to identify nematode effector genes as they are important targets for the development of novel control strategies. The effector genes, venom allergen-like protein (vap-1) and fatty acid and retinol binding protein (far-1), were identified, isolated and sequenced in M. hispanica (Mhi-vap-1 and Mhi-far-1) using the genome information available for the RKNs M. incognita and M. hapla. These genes are differentially expressed during M. hispanica development and their amplification products were observed from cDNA of the eggs, second-stage juveniles (J2) and adult females.However, Mhi-vap-1 showed the highest level of expression in J2. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the Mhi-vap-1 and Mhi-far-1 transcripts are accumulated within the J2 subventral oesophageal glands. The specific expression in the subventral oesophagel glands and presence of the secretion signal peptide for both genes suggests that these proteins are secreted by the J2 and may play a role in the early parasitic stage of the infection process. These genes were also isolated and sequenced in M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica; and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the predicted protein sequences belonging to M. hispanica and several other species of plant-parasitic nematodes have a high degree of conservation.

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“…These reviews highlight the sophisticated means developed by nematodes to manipulate plant cell physiology and plant defenses. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] This review will not cover the prolific recent findings in nematode effector functions but will instead focus on recent examples that illustrate the variety of plant cell compartments that effectors are addressed to in order to reach their plant targets.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Effectors secreted through the stylet are the most studied in RKN and CN. 4,5 These effectors are produced by unicellular esophageal glands, secreted into the esophagus by exocytosis and delivered into the plant tissue through the stylet which acts as a syringe and injects these esophageal secretions into the host tissue. The stylet is also used to withdraw nutrients from the feeding cell cytoplasm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effectors of root sedentary nematodes target diverse plant cell compartments to manipulate plant functions and promote infection

Jaouannet

Rosso

2013

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes maintain a biotrophic relationship with their hosts over a period of several weeks and induce the differentiation of root cells into specialized feeding cells. nematode effectors, which are synthesized in the esophageal glands and injected into the plant tissue through the syringe-like stylet, play a central role in these processes. Previous work on nematode effectors has shown that the apoplasm is targeted during invasion of the host while the cytoplasm is targeted during the induction and the maintenance of the feeding site. A large number of candidate effectors potentially secreted by the nematode into the plant tissues to promote infection have now been identified. This work has shown that the targeting and the role of effectors are more complex than previously thought. This review will not cover the prolific recent findings in nematode effector function but will instead focus on recent selected examples that illustrate the variety of plant cell compartments that effectors are addressed to in order reach their plant targets. Effectors of root sedentary nematodes target diverse plant cell compartments to manipulate plant functions and promote infectionMaëlle Jaouannet 1 Although different species infect a variety of plant organs most species are restricted to roots. The most intensively studied are the sedentary root endoparasites; the root-knot nematodes (RKN) and cyst nematodes (CN), which are the most damaging species worldwide. An intriguing aspect of RKN and CN infection is the ability of these obligate parasites to hijack plant cell fate and induce the redifferentiation of root cells, generally in the elongation zone, into specialized feeding cells, called giant-cells in the case of RKN and syncytia in the case of CN. These cells are enlarged, multinucleate and metabolically hyperactive cells that provide the nutrients required ensuringcompletion of the parasite life cycle. 2Although there are superficial similarities between the feeding structures induced by RKN and CN, they have entirely different ontogenies and are thought to have evolved independently. A remarkable feature of parasitism by RKN and CN is the ability of these parasites to maintain a long-lasting biotrophic interaction with the host (up to 6 weeks) that allows withdrawal of nutrients from the cytoplasm of living plant cells until the progeny are produced. Plant-endoparasitic nematode interactions therefore provide a fascinating model for the study of fundamental aspects of plant cell differentiation and plant defense suppression by the pathogen.Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie plant-nematode interactions is expanding and we are beginning to decipher the means by which the pathogen manipulates host plant cells. Effector proteins, secreted into host tissues by the nematode, are one of the key components of the molecular dialog leading to successful infection. Effectors can be defined as the molecules secreted by the pathogen that alter host-cell physiology to promote infectio...

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Nematode Effector Proteins: Targets and Functions in Plant Parasitism

Cited by 30 publications

References 101 publications

Proteins secreted by root-knot nematodes accumulate in the extracellular compartment during root infection

Proteins secreted by root-knot nematodes accumulate in the extracellular compartment during root infection

Characterization of the venom allergen—like protein (vap-1) and the fatty acid and retinol binding protein (far-1) genes in Meloidogyne hispanica

Effectors of root sedentary nematodes target diverse plant cell compartments to manipulate plant functions and promote infection

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