Nematode parasites of vegetables.

Hallmann, Johannes; Meressa, Beira Hailu

doi:10.1079/9781786391247.0346

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Rotation sequences including fruiting solanaceous and cucurbit crops are very common because they represent the main source of income for many growers. Unfortunately, all of them are affected by RKN ( Hallman and Meressa, 2018 ). Some attempts to manage RKN using P. lilacinum strain 251 have shown a high percentage of fungal egg parasitism in both in vitro and pot experiments ( Khan et al, 2004 , 2006 ; Kiewnick and Sikora, 2006a , b ; Kiewnick et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus firmus Strain I-1582, a Nematode Antagonist by Itself and Through the Plant

et al. 2020

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Bacillus firmus I-1582 is approved in Europe for the management of Meloidogyne on vegetable crops. However, little information about its modes of action and temperature requirements is available, despite the effect of these parameters in its efficacy. The cardinal temperatures for bacterial growth and biofilm formation were determined. The bacteria was transformed with GFP to study its effect on nematode eggs and root colonization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Induction of plant resistance was determined in split-root experiments and the dynamic regulation of genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) by RT-qPCR at three different times after nematode inoculation. The bacteria was able to grow and form biofilms between 15 and 45 • C; it degraded eggshells and colonized eggs; it colonized tomato roots more extensively than cucumber roots; it induced systemic resistance in tomato, but not in cucumber; SA and JA related genes were primed at different times after nematode inoculation in tomato, but only the SA-related gene was up-regulated at 7 days after nematode inoculation in cucumber. In conclusion, B. firmus I-1582 is active at a wide range of temperatures; its optimal growth temperature is 35 • C; it is able to degrade Meloidogyne eggs, and to colonize plant roots, inducing systemic resistance in a plant dependent species manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus firmus Strain I-1582, a Nematode Antagonist by Itself and Through the Plant

et al. 2020

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“…Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and melon (Cucumis melo) are two of the major horticultural crops worldwide with annual productions of 5.163.466 and 655.677 tonnes in 2017, respectively (FAOSTAT, 2017). Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., are one of the most important limiting soil borne pathogens for vegetable production (Hallmann and Meressa, 2018). Among the more than 100 RKN species described, M. arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica and M. hapla are the most damaging species, which are worldwide distributed, have a wide range of host plants and reproduce by parthenogenesis (Jones et al, 2013), allowing an exponential increase of nematode densities at the end of the crop from low densities at planting (Greco and Di Vito, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato and Melon Meloidogyne Resistant Rootstocks Improve Crop Yield but Melon Fruit Quality Is Influenced by the Cropping Season

et al. 2020

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Four rotation sequences consisting of ungrafted tomato cv. Durinta-melon cv. Paloma or tomato grafted onto the resistant rootstock 'Aligator'-melon grafted onto the resistant Cucumis metuliferus accession BGV11135, and in reverse order, were conducted from 2015 to 2017 in a plastic greenhouse infested or not with Meloidogyne incognita to determine the plant tolerance (T), the minimum relative crop yield (m) and fruit quality. The relationship between M. incognita densities in soil at transplanting (Pi) of each crop and the crop yield was assessed and T and m were estimated by the Seinhorst's damage model. In addition, the volume and the number of nuclei of single giant cells and the number of giant cells, its volume and the number of nuclei per feeding site in susceptible tomato and melon were compared to those in the resistant tomato and C. metuliferus 15 days after nematode inoculation in pot test. The relationship between the Pi and the relative crop yield fitted the Seinhorst's damage model in both ungrafted and grafted tomato and melon, but not for all years and cropping seasons. The estimated T for ungrafted and grafted tomato did not differ but m was lower in the former (34%) than the latter (67%). Sodium concentration in fruits from ungrafted but not from grafted tomato increased with nematode densities in spring 2015 and 2016. The estimated ungrafted melon T did not differ from the grafted melon cultivated in spring, but it did when it was cultivated in summer. The relative crop yield of ungrafted melon was lower (2%) than the grafted cultivated in spring (62%) and summer (20%). Sodium concentration in melon fruits from ungrafted plants increased with nematode densities. No variations in fruit quality from grafted melon cultivated in spring were found, although less dry matter and soluble solid content at highest nematode densities were registered when it was cultivated in summer. Lower number of giant cells per feeding site was observed in both susceptible tomato germplasms compared to the resistant ones but they were more voluminous and held higher number of nuclei per giant cell and per feeding site.

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“…The root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., are the most damaging obligate plant-endoparasitic nematode worldwide in a wide range of plant species (Jones et al, 2013). Among the more than 100 species included in this genus, the tropical RKN species, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, and Meloidogyne javanica, cause the majority of vegetable yield losses (Hallman and Meressa, 2018). For instance, maximum yield losses reported for fruiting solanaceous and cucurbit crops, the most cultivated worldwide, range from 30 to 100% López-Gómez et al, 2014;Seid et al, 2015;Hallman and Meressa, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the more than 100 species included in this genus, the tropical RKN species, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, and Meloidogyne javanica, cause the majority of vegetable yield losses (Hallman and Meressa, 2018). For instance, maximum yield losses reported for fruiting solanaceous and cucurbit crops, the most cultivated worldwide, range from 30 to 100% López-Gómez et al, 2014;Seid et al, 2015;Hallman and Meressa, 2018). Despite that several methods for control are available (Nyczepir and Thomas, 2009), most producers rely on the use of chemical nematicides (Djian-Caporalino, 2012;Talavera et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Formulates of Trichoderma Induce Systemic Plant Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato and the Effect Is Additive to That of the Mi-1.2 Resistance Gene

et al. 2020

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Meloidogyne is the most damaging plant parasitic nematode genus affecting vegetable crops worldwide. The induction of plant defense mechanisms against Meloidogyne in tomato by some Trichoderma spp. strains has been proven in pot experiments, but there is no information for tomato bearing the Mi-1.2 resistance gene or for other important fruiting vegetable crops. Moreover, Trichoderma is mostly applied for managing fungal plant pathogens, but there is little information on its effect on nematode-antagonistic fungi naturally occurring in soils. Thus, several experiments were conducted to determine (i) the ability of two commercial formulates of Trichoderma asperellum (T34) and Trichoderma harzianum (T22) to induce systemic resistance in tomato and cucumber against an avirulent Meloidogyne incognita population in splitroot experiments; (ii) the effect of combining T34 with tomato carrying the Mi-1.2 resistance gene to an avirulent M. incognita population in sterilized soil; and (iii) the effect of combining T34 with tomato carrying the Mi-1.2 resistance gene to a virulent M. incognita population in two suppressive soils in which Pochonia chlamydosporia is naturally present, and the effect of T34 on the level of P. chlamydosporia egg parasitism. Both Trichoderma formulates induced resistance to M. incognita in tomato but not in cucumber. In tomato, the number of egg masses and eggs per plant were reduced by 71 and 54% by T34, respectively. T22 reduced 48% of the number of eggs per plant but not the number of egg masses. T34 reduced the number of eggs per plant of the virulent M. incognita population in both resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars irrespective of the suppressive soil, and its effect was additive with the Mi-1.2 resistance gene. The percentage of fungal egg parasitism by P. chlamydosporia was not affected by the isolate T34 of T. asperellum. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 January 2020 | Volume 10 | Article 3042 Pocurull et al. Additive Effect Trichoderma-Mi1.2 Against RKN Conflict of Interest:The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Nematode parasites of vegetables.

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Bacillus firmus Strain I-1582, a Nematode Antagonist by Itself and Through the Plant

Bacillus firmus Strain I-1582, a Nematode Antagonist by Itself and Through the Plant

Tomato and Melon Meloidogyne Resistant Rootstocks Improve Crop Yield but Melon Fruit Quality Is Influenced by the Cropping Season

Commercial Formulates of Trichoderma Induce Systemic Plant Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato and the Effect Is Additive to That of the Mi-1.2 Resistance Gene

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