Nematodes: Biological Control in Rice Fields: Role of Hydrogen Sulfide

Abstract

In flooded rice fields a decline in total nematode populations began shortly after the onset of soil anaerobiosis and was correlated with a sustained increase in concentration of molecular hydrogen sulfide in the soil-water phase. Laboratory tests showed that hydrogen sulfide at concentrations found in flooded fields killed 100 percent of nematodes in 5 to 10 days. The effect of hydrogen sulfide and its pattern of occurrence in the soils of water-saturated rice fields suggest that this compound can be a significant factor in the etiology and control of certain plant diseases.

Effect of different organic amendments withPaecilomyces lilacinusfor the management of soil nematodes

“…Several substances, e.g. ammonia, H 2 S, formaldehyde, fatty acids, amino acids, phenols etc., released during decomposition of organic matter are toxic to many plant parasitic nematodes (Rodriguez-Kabana et al, 1965;Alam et al, 1978). Metabolites of microbes, which are activated by organic amendments, are toxic to plant-parasitic nematodes (Alam et al, 1973;Pandey and Singh, 1990).…”

Organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management with particular reference to India

“…Johnson (1959) reported toxicity of culture filterates of Clostridium butyricum containing formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids to Tylenchorhynchus martini. Rodriguez-Kabana et al (1965) found Desulfovibrio desulfurieans responsible for producing hydrogen sulphide in adequate amounts to control nematodes in flooded rice fields.…”

“…Increased microbial activity in amended soil causes enhanced enzymatic activities Kokalis-Burelle and Rodriguez-Kabana 1994) and the accumulation of end-products and metabolites of microbes which may be nematicidal (Mankau and Minteer 1962;Rodriguez-Kabana et al 1965;Badra et al 1979).…”

Evaluation of powdered pine bark for control ofMeloidogyne arenaria andHeterodera glycines on soybean

“…Addition of organic matter to soil stimulates activity of microorganisms, resulting in increased soil enzymatic activities and the accumulation of certain nematicidal compounds (Badra et al, 1979, Rodrfguez-K~fbana andHollis, 1965;Rodrfguez-K~ibana et al, 1987). Types of organic amendments used to control plant parasitic nematodes include crop debris, oil cakes, animal waste, and industrial by-products (Mian and Rodrfguez-K~ibana, 1982a).…”