Nematophagous fungi: Far beyond the endoparasite, predator and ovicidal groups

Soares, Filippe Elias de Freitas; Sufiate, Bruna Leite; Queiroz, José Humberto de

doi:10.1016/j.anres.2018.05.010

Cited by 52 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…For example, selection on a predator will involve means of physically immobilizing prey while selection on a parasite will involve mechanisms of avoiding host immune defenses. Additionally, some authors use nematophagous (e.g., de Freitas Soares et al, 2018), amoebophagous (e.g., Corsaro et al, 2018), or carnivorous (e.g., Thorn and Barron, 1984;Yang et al, 2012) instead of "predator" or "parasite", but this approach also lumps predators and parasites together. For the purposes of this study, we define predatory fungi to include those taxa that exploit more than one individual as a food source during a life-history stage (Lafferty and Kurtis, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-scale phylogenetics reveals a monophyletic Zoopagales (Zoopagomycota, Fungi)

Davis

Amses

Benny

et al. 2019

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Previous genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of Fungi have under sampled taxa from Zoopagales; this order contains many predacious or parasitic genera, and most have never been grown in pure culture. We sequenced the genomes of 4 zoopagalean taxa that are predators of amoebae, nematodes, or rotifers and the genome of one taxon that is a parasite of amoebae using single cell sequencing methods with whole genome amplification. Each genome was a metagenome, which was assembled and binned using multiple techniques to identify the target genomes. We inferred phylogenies with both super matrix and coalescent approaches using 192 conserved proteins mined from the target genomes and performed ancestral state reconstructions to determine the ancestral trophic lifestyle of the clade. Our results indicate that Zoopagales is monophyletic. Ancestral state reconstructions provide moderate support for mycoparasitism being the ancestral state of the clade.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-scale phylogenetics reveals a monophyletic Zoopagales (Zoopagomycota, Fungi)

Davis

Amses

Benny

et al. 2019

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Arthrobotrys oligospora and D. haptotyla capture plant parasitic nematodes in the rhizosphere, and A. fumigatus is a saprobe on decaying plant tissues with the ability to switch to a human‐pathogen lifestyle. As a common trait, these three species are soil dwelling fungi that can switch to saprophytic behaviour (Latgé, ; Soares et al, ). Strikingly, 27 of 29 plant‐pathogenic Dikarya had at least one GH131.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad‐specificity GH131 β‐glucanases are a hallmark of fungi and oomycetes that colonize plants

Anasontzis

Lebrun

Haon

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Plant‐tissue‐colonizing fungi fine‐tune the deconstruction of plant‐cell walls (PCW) using different sets of enzymes according to their lifestyle. However, some of these enzymes are conserved among fungi with dissimilar lifestyles. We identified genes from Glycoside Hydrolase family GH131 as commonly expressed during plant‐tissue colonization by saprobic, pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. By searching all the publicly available genomes, we found that GH131‐coding genes were widely distributed in the Dikarya subkingdom, except in Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, and in phytopathogenic Oomycetes, but neither other eukaryotes nor prokaryotes. The presence of GH131 in a species was correlated with its association with plants as symbiont, pathogen or saprobe. We propose that GH131‐family expansions and horizontal‐gene transfers contributed to this adaptation. We analysed the biochemical activities of GH131 enzymes whose genes were upregulated during plant‐tissue colonization in a saprobe (Pycnoporus sanguineus), a plant symbiont (Laccaria bicolor) and three hemibiotrophic‐plant pathogens (Colletotrichum higginsianum, C. graminicola, Zymoseptoria tritici). These enzymes were all active on substrates with β‐1,4, β‐1,3 and mixed β‐1,4/1,3 glucosidic linkages. Combined with a cellobiohydrolase, GH131 enzymes enhanced cellulose degradation. We propose that secreted GH131 enzymes unlock the PCW barrier and allow further deconstruction by other enzymes during plant tissue colonization by symbionts, pathogens and saprobes.

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“…Nematophagous fungi, including those that are variously called predaceous, nematode-trapping, and nematode-destroying fungi, possess amazing abilities to capture nematodes and reduce the population size of plant-parasitic nematodes. Such abilities have significant applied interests in agriculture [ 21 , 22 ]. Studies of nematophagous fungi and their interactions with nematodes have revealed several mechanisms of their interactions at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels.…”

Section: Antagonistic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi–Nematode Interactions: Diversity, Ecology, and Biocontrol Prospects in Agriculture

Zhang

et al. 2020

JoF

117

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Fungi and nematodes are among the most abundant organisms in soil habitats. They provide essential ecosystem services and play crucial roles for maintaining the stability of food-webs and for facilitating nutrient cycling. As two of the very abundant groups of organisms, fungi and nematodes interact with each other in multiple ways. Here in this review, we provide a broad framework of interactions between fungi and nematodes with an emphasis on those that impact crops and agriculture ecosystems. We describe the diversity and evolution of fungi that closely interact with nematodes, including food fungi for nematodes as well as fungi that feed on nematodes. Among the nematophagous fungi, those that produce specialized nematode-trapping devices are especially interesting, and a great deal is known about their diversity, evolution, and molecular mechanisms of interactions with nematodes. Some of the fungi and nematodes are significant pathogens and pests to crops. We summarize the ecological and molecular mechanisms identified so far that impact, either directly or indirectly, the interactions among phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic nematodes, and crop plants. The potential applications of our understanding to controlling phytophagous nematodes and soilborne fungal pathogens in agricultural fields are discussed.

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Nematophagous fungi: Far beyond the endoparasite, predator and ovicidal groups

Cited by 52 publications

References 70 publications

Genome-scale phylogenetics reveals a monophyletic Zoopagales (Zoopagomycota, Fungi)

Genome-scale phylogenetics reveals a monophyletic Zoopagales (Zoopagomycota, Fungi)

Broad‐specificity GH131 β‐glucanases are a hallmark of fungi and oomycetes that colonize plants

Fungi–Nematode Interactions: Diversity, Ecology, and Biocontrol Prospects in Agriculture

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