Nematophagous fungi in the rhizosphere of agricultural crops

Abstract

In a field experiment the rhizosphere effect of barley, pea and white mustard on the nematode‐trapping fungi were investigated throughout a growing season. The densities of nematode‐trapping fungi were slightly increased in the rhizospheres compared to the root‐free soil. Pea rhizosphere had the greatest numbers of species of nematophagous fungi with an average of 2.4 species recovered from 0.1 g material, and in white mustard and barley rhizospheres and root‐free soil less than 1.7 species were recovered from 0.1 g. Arthrobotrys oligospora was the most common species in both soil and rhizosphere. In a pot experiment the rhizosphere effect of pea and barley on nematophagous fungi was investigated in 5 different agricultural soils. Pea rhizosphere increased the densities of nematode‐trapping fungi, and up to 780 propagules of nematode‐trapping fungi g−1 rhizosphere soil were found, which was around 19 times higher than in the root‐free soil. The number of nematodes were 6–290 times higher in the pea rhizosphere than in the root‐free soil. Barley rhizosphere had little effect on the densities of nematode‐trapping fungi, while the number of nematodes increased by 3–13 times. The most commonly detected species were A. oligospora, Stylopage sp. and network‐forming Monacrosporium species, but there were no big differences in the species composition between the rhizosphere and the root‐free soil.

Ecology of aquatic nematode-trapping hyphomycetes in southwestern China

“…Species with adhesive networks were the most frequently isolated. A similar result was reported by Gray (1987) and Persmark et al (1997) when they investigated land samples. They speculated that species which produce adhesive networks grow quickly, need less nutrition and saprotrophic ability of these species is strong.…”

Morphogenesis in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora - an extensive plasticity of infection structures

“…From a biological control point of view the presence of nematophagous fungi in the rhizosphere of agricultural plants is important. Persmark & Jansson (1997) showed that out of 15 nematophagous species, A. oligospora was by far the most common, especially in the pea rhizosphere. In a recent study, Bordallo et al (2002) compared the behaviour of a nematodetrapping fungus, A. oligospora, with an egg parasitic fungus, Pochonia chlamydosporia (Verticillium chlamydosporium), in the rhizosphere of axenic barley and tomato.…”

Diversity and abundance of nematode-trapping fungi from decaying litter in terrestrial, freshwater and mangrove habitats

“…Nematode-trapping fungi are ubiquitous in a variety of habitats such as agricultural, horticultural and forest soils, but have rarely been reported from aquatic and especially marine environments (Gray 1983;Persmark and Jansson 1997;Jansson and Lopez-Llorca 2001). Currently 35 species of nematode-trapping fungi have been recorded from aquatic environments (Ingold 1944;Peach 1950Peach , 1952Peach , 1954Johnson and Autery 1961;Anastasiou 1964;Hao et al 2004), however, Arthrobotrys dactyloides is the only a species that has been isolated from brackish water (Johnson and Autery 1961).…”