Neocortex, Hippocampus and Performance in Lashley’s Maze III

Eames, Lesley C.; Oakley, David A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5003-3_38

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is therefore ofinterest to observe (Figure 5) that, for both control groups, efficient performance (bridging the interresponse time) predorninantly involved moving to the other side of the Skinner box, which may be construed as a place strategy, whereas hippocampals and neodecorticates appear to have made extensive use of a combination of guidance and orientation hypotheses. The results are therefore consistent with the view that both hippocampus and neocortex are necessary for place learning in rats (Kolb, Sutherland, & Whishaw, 1983;Sutherland, Kolb, & Whishaw, 1982;Whishaw & Kolb, 1984; see also Eames & Oakley, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Hence, it is much more likely for a successful IRT to have been preceded by a press than by a reinforcer. It remains possible, however, that, especially in neodecorticates, sensory deficits (Eames & Oakley, 1985;Goldstein & Oakley, 1987) may have forced the use of interoceptive signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inelusion ofhippocampals here was to see to what extent their behavior differed or was similar to that of the neodecorticate rats. Previous evidence suggests that these two structures make independent contributions to observed behavior on an FI40 (Jaldow, Oakley, & Davey, 1989), Lashley's maze m (Eames & Oakley, 1985), and behavioral flexibility tests (Terry & Oakley, 1990) but not to tasks involving place leaming (Sutherland, Kolb, & Whishaw, 1982;Whishaw & Kolb, 1984).…”

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confidence: 98%

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Performance on a differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule in neodecorticated rats and rats with hippocampal lesions

Jaldow

Oakley

1990

Psychobiology

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Rats with total removal of neocortex (neodecorticates), hippocampectomized rats (hippocampals), and their controls were trained on a differential reinforcement of low-rate 12-sec (DRL12) schedule. With training, neodecorticates reduced the frequency of short interresponse times (IRTs) and increased the frequency of Ionger IRTs. They also significantly reduced the interresponse time per opportunity ratio for short IRTs and significantly increased the ratio in the period following reinforcement availability. Between-group differences on measures oflRT distribution, IRT per opportunity, and postreinforcement delay suggest separate contributions by neocortex and hippocampus to observed behavior on this task. Performance deficits in the lesioned groups are interpreted in terms ofthe associative power ofthe predictive lever increasing the pressure to respond in neodecorticates and the possible loss ofplace learning in both neodecorticates and hippocampals. In conjunction with previous work, these results indicate that temporal sensitivity in the rat is not destroyed by total neodecortication.There is now little doubt that instrumental leaming in rats and rabbits can take place in the absence of neocortex (e.g.,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Performance on a differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule in neodecorticated rats and rats with hippocampal lesions

Jaldow

Oakley

1990

Psychobiology

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“…There is now considerable evidence that the neocortex is not essential for learning under instrumental conditioning paradigms (e.g., Eames & Oakley, 1985; Goldstein & Oakley, 1987; Oakley, 1980; Terry, Herbert, & Oakley, 1989; Whishaw & Kolb, 1984). In particular, recent work by Jaldow, Oakley, and Davey (1989) has shown that even after complete removal of the neocortex (neodecortication) rats can be successfully trained to bar press on fixed-interval (FI) schedule.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance on two fixed-interval schedules in the absence of neocortex in rats.

Jaldow¹,

Oakley²

1990

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Rats with complete surgical removal of the neocortex (neodecorticates) were trained, with milk as the reinforcer, on a 40-s fixed-interval (FI-40) schedule, then on an FI-120, and finally reexposed to the FI-40. Like controls, neodecorticates developed and appropriately adjusted their postreinforcement pauses and response distributions and showed scallop-type responding on the FI-120 and a positive correlation between running rate and the preceding postreinforcement pause on both FI-40 schedules but not on the FI-120. On some variables neodecorticates reached asymptotic levels of performance more slowly than controls. Extended training on the first FI-40 did not differentially affect neodecorticates' performance. The results suggest that neodecorticates retain a functional timing mechanism.

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Hypnosis and consciousness: a structural model

Oakley

1999

Contemporary Hypnosis

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A model of consciousness and hypnosis is presented which has its origins in a series of neuropsychological studies on the role of neocortex in associative learning and memory in animals. It is essentially an evolutionary and hierarchical description of increasingly more sophisticated levels of information processing in vertebrate brains which places the more recently evolved systems that are associated with subjective experience into a more meaningful perspective. With the evolution of representational systems (consciousness systems) with the capacity for parallel processing a need was created for an executive control system to prioritize some currently active representations as the basis for action, particularly in novel situations. Consequently, a major function of the executive control system is in the re‐representation of a selected subset of these representations for further processing in a subsystem (self‐awareness system) with priority access to action. Representations that enter the latter subsystem constitute the contents of our subjective experience. In hypnosis, it is argued, influence is exerted through the executive control system to orchestrate the re‐representation of information into the self‐awareness system and hence to influence the nature of subjective experience. Important among the pressures acting on the executive control system are those identified by sociocognitive theories as capable of influencing hypnotic enactment and experience. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis

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Neocortex, Hippocampus and Performance in Lashley’s Maze III

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Performance on a differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule in neodecorticated rats and rats with hippocampal lesions

Performance on a differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule in neodecorticated rats and rats with hippocampal lesions

Performance on two fixed-interval schedules in the absence of neocortex in rats.

Hypnosis and consciousness: a structural model

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