Neocortical Gliosis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Gender‐Based Differences

Doherty, Michael; Rostad, Steven; Kraemer, Diana L. Abson; Vossler, David G.; Haltiner, Alan M.

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01046.x

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, reduced glutamate uptake in female astrocytes would lead to a reduction in Na + /K + -ATPase activity (99) and reduced glycolysis (93). This result is also consistent with sexually dimorphic astrocyte dysfunction observed in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, with females showing more pronounced intracortical gliosis (32). In male astrocyte cultures, although Eaat2 mRNA levels were increased, there was no corresponding increase in glutamate uptake with exposure.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 76%

Astrocyte Dysfunction Induced by Alcohol in Females but Not Males

et al. 2015

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Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with brain damage in a sex-specific fashion, but the mechanisms involved are poorly described and remain controversial. Previous results have suggested that astrocyte gene expression is influenced by ethanol intoxication and during abstinence in vivo. Here, bioinformatic analysis of astrocyte-enriched ethanol-regulated genes in vivo revealed ubiquitin pathways as an ethanol target, but with sexually dimorphic cytokine signaling and changes associated with brain aging in females and not males. Consistent with this result, astrocyte activation was observed after exposure in female but not male animals, with reduced S100β levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and increased GFAP(+) cells in the hippocampus. In primary culture, the direct effects of chronic ethanol exposure followed by recovery on sex-specific astrocyte function were examined. Male astrocyte responses were consistent with astrocyte deactivation with reduced GFAP expression during ethanol exposure. In contrast, female astrocytes exhibited increased expression of Tnf, reduced expression of the neuroprotective cytokine Tgfb1, disrupted bioenergetics and reduced excitatory amino acid uptake following exposure or recovery. These results indicate widespread astrocyte dysfunction in ethanol-exposed females and suggest a mechanism that may underlie increased vulnerability to ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in females.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 76%

Astrocyte Dysfunction Induced by Alcohol in Females but Not Males

et al. 2015

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“…Gender-based changes in gray matter were previously measured in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where male AD patients showed higher gray matter loss in anterior cingulate than did female AD patients [4], whereas, based on the cortical thickness analyses, no gender-based difference in AD patients was observed [37]. Other studies on patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia depicted lower cortical thickness in female than in male patients [18, 22]. We suggest that the differential disease pathology in PD affects the male more than it does the female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-based analysis of cortical thickness and structural connectivity in Parkinson’s disease

et al. 2016

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder and appears to have gender-specific symptoms. Studies have observed a higher frequency for development of PD in male than in female. In the current study, we evaluated the gender-based changes in cortical thickness and structural connectivity in PD patients. With informed consent, 64 PD (43 males and 21 females) patients, and 46 (12 males and 34 females) age-matched controls underwent clinical assessment including MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) and magnetic resonance imaging on a 1.5 Tesla clinical MR scanner. Whole brain high-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from all subjects and used to measure cortical thickness and structural network connectivity. No significant difference in MMSE score was observed between male and female both in control and PD subjects. Male PD patients showed significantly reduced cortical thickness in multiple brain regions including frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes as compared with those in female PD patients. The graph theory-based network analysis depicted lower connection strengths, lower clustering coefficients, and altered network hubs in PD male than in PD female. Male-specific cortical thickness changes and altered connectivity in PD patients may derive from behavioral, physiological, environmental, and genetical differences between male and female, and may have significant implications in diagnosing and treating PD among genders.

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“…Also, the thickness of subpial Chaslin gliosis, thickness of gliosis in the molecular layer of the neocortex, and total thickness of the neocortex were each measured as we described previously (Doherty et al, 2007). Intracortical reactive gliosis was measured as the mean number of glial fibrillary acidic proteinpositive astrocyte nuclei in a surgical specimen of the middle temporal gyrus in neocortical layers III to V seen per microscopic high power field (·400) was calculated from a count of 10 random fields in one slide.…”

Section: Surgery and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we described four measures of pathologic assessment of neocortex: number of reactive astrocytes in LNC layers III to V (intracortical gliosis), thickness of Chaslin gliosis, LNC molecular layer (layer I) gliosis, and total thickness of the LNC (Doherty et al, 2007). In a previous study, we described four measures of pathologic assessment of neocortex: number of reactive astrocytes in LNC layers III to V (intracortical gliosis), thickness of Chaslin gliosis, LNC molecular layer (layer I) gliosis, and total thickness of the LNC (Doherty et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%