Neogene development of the onland part of the forearc in northern Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand: A synthesis

Neef, G.

doi:10.1080/00288306.1999.9514835

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The NIFS includes a series of ∼NNE- to north-trending dextral-slip faults in the south and multiple branches of oblique/normal faults to the north, east of the TVZ. Dextral slip on the NIFS is interpreted to have started during the Late Miocene (∼7 Ma) (27) or the Early Pliocene (4 to 2 Ma) (24), possibly reactivating Early Miocene faults related to subduction along the Hikurangi margin (e.g., ref. 22).…”

Section: Short Summary Of Neogene To Present Pacific–australia Plate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 M_w7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Shi

Wang

Wei

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The 2016, moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8, Kaikoura earthquake generated the most complex surface ruptures ever observed. Although likely linked with kinematic changes in central New Zealand, the driving mechanisms of such complexity remain unclear. Here, we propose an interpretation accounting for the most puzzling aspects of the 2016 rupture. We examine the partitioning of plate motion and coseismic slip during the 2016 event in and around Kaikoura and the large-scale fault kinematics, volcanism, seismicity, and slab geometry in the broader Tonga–Kermadec region. We find that the plate motion partitioning near Kaikoura is comparable to the coseismic partitioning between strike-slip motion on the Kekerengu fault and subperpendicular thrusting along the offshore West–Hikurangi megathrust. Together with measured slip rates and paleoseismological results along the Hope, Kekerengu, and Wairarapa faults, this observation suggests that the West–Hikurangi thrust and Kekerengu faults bound the southernmost tip of the Tonga–Kermadec sliver plate. The narrow region, around Kaikoura, where the 3 fastest-slipping faults of New Zealand meet, thus hosts a fault–fault–trench (FFT) triple junction, which accounts for the particularly convoluted 2016 coseismic deformation. That triple junction appears to have migrated southward since the birth of the sliver plate (around 5 to 7 million years ago). This likely drove southward stepping of strike-slip shear within the Marlborough fault system and propagation of volcanism in the North Island. Hence, on a multimillennial time scale, the apparently distributed faulting across southern New Zealand may reflect classic plate-tectonic triple-junction migration rather than diffuse deformation of the continental lithosphere.

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Section: Short Summary Of Neogene To Present Pacific–australia Plate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 M_w7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Shi

Wang

Wei

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…B). Additional Miocene‐aged deep‐marine deposits are present in sub‐basins to the west and the fore‐arc basin to the Axial Ranges, implying >50 km distance from land (Neef, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compression has created a series of elongate growth structures and intervening trench‐slope sub‐basins, typically tens of kilometres long by kilometres wide. Sedimentary pathways and subsequent fill of sub‐basins varies both temporally and spatially (Neef, ; Bailleul et al ., ; Burgreen & Graham, ). Bathymetric data demonstrate the presence of canyons cross‐cutting thrust‐bounded ridges (Mountjoy et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary architecture of detached deep‐marine canyons: Examples from the East Coast Basin of New Zealand

McArthur

McCaffrey

2018

Sedimentology

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Submarine canyons are conduits for the distribution of sediment across continental margins. Although many canyons connect directly with fluvial or marine littoral system feeders, canyons detached from direct hinterland supply are also recognized. The fill of detached canyons remains enigmatic, because their deep-water setting restricts analysis of their evolution and stratigraphic architecture. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the sedimentary processes that infilled deep-water canyons and the resulting architecture. Miocene outcrops of an exhumed deep-water system from the East Coast Basin, New Zealand, are documented and compared with the morphology and seismic scale architecture of a modern detached canyon system on the same convergent margin. The outcropping system preserves the downstream margin of a sub-basin deposited at palaeo-water depths >700 m. A 6 km wide by 430 m deep incision is filled by heterogeneous siliciclastic sediments, 50% of which comprise graded thin-beds with traction structures, interpreted to result from oscillatory flows. These are intercalated with concave-up lenses, up to 15 m thick, of sigmoidally-bedded, amalgamated sandstones, which preserve ripple casts on bed bases, interpreted as deposits at the head of a deep-marine canyon. Palaeo-flow was eastward, into the subbasin margin. On the adjacent margin of the sub-basin down-dip, stacked and amalgamated sandstones and conglomerates represent the fill of a submarine channel complex, at least 3 km wide. The channels are inferred to have been fed by the up-dip canyon, which traversed the intervening structural high; similar relationships are seen in the bathymetry data. Seismic studies on this margin demonstrate that multiple phases of canyon cut and fill may occur, with downstream architectural evolution comparable to that seen at outcrop, demonstrating that detached canyons may act as sediment conduits. Breaching of developing sea-floor structures by detached canyons can modify tortuous sediment pathways, supplying sediment to otherwise starved areas of the slope.

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“…The area represents a sparsely settled onland part of a Neogene forearc basin in which a number of extinct and extant units (e.g. Coastal Block, Tawhero Basin, forearc platform), largely fault-bounded, are known (Neef 1999;Fig. 1).…”

Section: Abstract: Fault Slice Ridges Northern Wairarapa Syndeposimentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Miocene marine fossil-rich, rock-fall, avalanche, mud-flow and debris-flow deposits adjoining and near the western margin of the Tawhero Basin, outer forearc North Island, New Zealand

Neef

1999

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences

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A late Miocene marine, massive fossil-rich, rock-fall/avalanche deposit, >42 m thick (base unexposed) and mud-flow and debris-flow deposits, commonly 0.2–4 m thick, are present adjoining and near to either margin of a 12 km long segment of the NE-trending Waihoki Fault/fault zone, near Pongaroa, North Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand. The Waihoki Fault/fault zone lies in the outboard part of the onland part of the forearc. It forms the western margin of the Tawhero Basin, a forearc basin overlying a subducting Pacific plate, during 6.6–25 Ma. The basin had a partly dextral transpression history (especially in the Late Miocene) but the amount of dextral displacement along the Waihoki Fault/fault zone is unknown. It is likely that lightly indurated fossil-rich, rock-fall, mud-flow and debris-flow deposits were derived from the tops of fault slivers that were pushed upwards along the Waihoki Fault/fault zone during dextral faulting to reach the neritic zone.

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Neogene development of the onland part of the forearc in northern Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand: A synthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 M_w7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 M_w7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Sedimentary architecture of detached deep‐marine canyons: Examples from the East Coast Basin of New Zealand

Late Miocene marine fossil-rich, rock-fall, avalanche, mud-flow and debris-flow deposits adjoining and near the western margin of the Tawhero Basin, outer forearc North Island, New Zealand

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Neogene development of the onland part of the forearc in northern Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand: A synthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Sedimentary architecture of detached deep‐marine canyons: Examples from the East Coast Basin of New Zealand

Late Miocene marine fossil-rich, rock-fall, avalanche, mud-flow and debris-flow deposits adjoining and near the western margin of the Tawhero Basin, outer forearc North Island, New Zealand

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Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 M_w7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity

Triple junction kinematics accounts for the 2016 M_w7.8 Kaikoura earthquake rupture complexity