Neogene paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change in southern temperate ecosystems — a southern perspective

Markgraf, Vera; McGlone, Matt S.; Hope, Geoff

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)89023-0

Cited by 242 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These movements have led to the scattered persistence of relatively warm or wet habitats, often moderated by oceanic climates (4), which appear to be reflected in aspects of modern vegetation. Trees living in Southern Hemisphere temperate forests are not as cold tolerant as many Northern Hemisphere temperate species (4,39), and most southern conifers prefer relatively wet environments (10, but also see ref. 40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, there are fundamental geographic differences between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in terms of land and ocean area, and these differences might be expected to influence broad evolutionary patterns among the organisms in these regions. The impact of these major geographic differences on the evolutionary history of animals and plants of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres has received relatively little attention (4,5), perhaps because the complex histories of lineages and the landscapes themselves obscure the deepest imprints of large-scale geographic patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics

Leslie

Beaulieu

Hardeep

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

289

361

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Fundamental differences in the distribution of oceans and landmasses in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres potentially impact patterns of biological diversity in the two areas. The evolutionary history of conifers provides an opportunity to explore these dynamics, because the majority of extant conifer species belong to lineages that have been broadly confined to the Northern or Southern Hemisphere during the Cenozoic. Incorporating genetic information with a critical review of fossil evidence, we developed an age-calibrated phylogeny sampling ∼80% of living conifer species. Most extant conifer species diverged recently during the Neogene within clades that generally were established during the later Mesozoic, but lineages that diversified mainly in the Southern Hemisphere show a significantly older distribution of divergence ages than their counterparts in the Northern Hemisphere. Our tree topology and divergence times also are best fit by diversification models in which Northern Hemisphere conifer lineages have higher rates of species turnover than Southern Hemisphere lineages. The abundance of recent divergences in northern clades may reflect complex patterns of migration and range shifts during climatic cycles over the later Neogene leading to elevated rates of speciation and extinction, whereas the scattered persistence of mild, wetter habitats in the Southern Hemisphere may have favored the survival of older lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics

Leslie

Beaulieu

Hardeep

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

289

361

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2). Paleoecological evidence, however, suggests that the Patagonian region likely supported wet temperate forest similar to that now occupied by P. mnioides through much of the Tertiary (Parrish 1989;Markgraf et al 1995). The montane habitat occupied by P. mnioides in the neotropics, on the other hand, is a product of late-Miocene uplift.…”

Section: Andean Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 96%

Phylogeographic Structure and Cryptic Speciation in the Trans-Antarctic Moss Pyrrhobryum Mnioides

2003

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Abstract. Many bryophyte species have distributions that span multiple continents. The hypotheses historically advanced to explain such distributions rely on either long-distance spore dispersal or slow rates of morphological evolution following ancient continental vicariance events. We use phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence variation at three chloroplast loci (atpB-rbcL spacer, rps4 gene, and trnL intron and 3Ј spacer) to examine these two hypotheses in the trans-Antarctic moss Pyrrhobryum mnioides. We find: (1) reciprocal monophyly of Australasian and South American populations, indicating a lack of intercontinental dispersal; (2) shared haplotypes between Australia and New Zealand, suggesting recent or ongoing migration across the Tasman Sea; and (3) reciprocal monophyly among Patagonian and neotropical populations, suggesting no recent migration along the Andes. These results corroborate experimental work suggesting that spore features may be critical determinants of species range. We use the mid-Miocene development of the Atacama Desert, 14 million years ago, to calibrate a molecular clock for the tree. The age of the trans-Antarctic disjunction is estimated to be 80 million years ago, consistent with Gondwanan vicariance, making it among the most ancient documented cases of cryptic speciation. These data are in accord with niche conservatism, but whether the morphological stasis is a product of stabilizing selection or phylogenetic constraint is unknown.

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“…This was different at the beginning of the Tertiary when Australia had much higher levels of rainfall and was dominated by warm to temperate rainforests (Hill et al 1999). The onset and direction of aridification in Australia has been under debate for a long time and several hypotheses have been developed (Beard 1977;Bowler 1976Bowler , 1982Burbidge 1960;Frakes 1999;Markgraf et al 1995;Martin 1978Martin , 1998aQuilty 1982;Stein & Robert 1986;Zheng et al 1998). Summarising geological and fossil evidence, Martin (2006) points out that by the Middle Miocene the climate in central Australia had changed to a seasonal climate with a well-marked hot season with high evaporation, and that in central and Western Australia the regular flow of palaeodrainage systems had stopped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Camphorosmeae (Chenopodiaceae): tracking the Tertiary history of Australian aridification

Cabrera¹

2011

Telopea

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Camphorosmeae (Chenopodiaceae, formerly Sclerolaeneae) are widespread across all states of Australia. Molecular data revealed that the Australian Camphorosmeae represent a monophyletic lineage comprising 147 currently recognised species, 145 of which are endemic to Australia. Like their Eurasian relatives most Australian Camphorosmeae are well-adapted to dry and saline environments, and most species are distributed in semi-arid or arid landscapes of the Eremaean area of central and western Australia. The historical biogeography of the Australian Camphorosmeae is analysed using an ETS phylogeny of the group and DIVA. We found that diversification of the tribe started at the end of the Miocene, and that radiation took place during the Pliocene, probably driven by the aridification of Australia during this time. Southern west Australia probably served as the ancestral area, and we hypothesise that the ancestors of Australian Camphorosmeae were already adapted to dry and saline conditions and might have been distributed in coastal or saline inland habitats. Successful dispersal and establishment of Camphorosmeae in the then newly developed arid regions was probably enhanced by niche pre-emption. Our timing of the radiation of this drought-adapted lineage and the directions of its dispersal support the hypothesis that the aridification of Australia started during the Late Miocene and arid areas expanded during the Pliocene from the west to the east and then north.

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Neogene paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change in southern temperate ecosystems — a southern perspective

Cited by 242 publications

References 15 publications

Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics

Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics

Phylogeographic Structure and Cryptic Speciation in the Trans-Antarctic Moss Pyrrhobryum Mnioides

Biogeography of Camphorosmeae (Chenopodiaceae): tracking the Tertiary history of Australian aridification

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