Neogene subsidence and stratigraphy of the Simeulue forearc basin, Northwest Sumatra

Berglar, Kai; Gaedicke, Christoph; Lutz, Rüdiger; Franke, Dieter; Djajadihardja, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.04.006

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The seismic images along this line further show that the upthrusts partly extend towards the interior of the basin. Regional reactivation of faults during the same time has also been reported in the Sumatra Forearc region by Berglar et al (2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…3,4,5,6,7). Stratigraphic interpretations from the Sumatra Forearc region (Beaudry and Moore 1985;Berglar et al 2008;Cochran 2010;Moeremans and Singh 2015;Singh and Moeremans 2017) and recent IODP drilling results (Clemens et al 2015;McNeill et al 2016) show that the igneous basement underneath the southern part of the Andaman-Sumatra Forearc is overlain by the Paleogene meta-sediments. In the present study, from the northern parts of the Andaman-Sumatra Forearc, the acoustic basement is interpreted to be at * 6.5-7 s TWT deep.…”

Section: The Andaman Forearc Basin and Its Basementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stratigraphy and structural evaluation of the forearc off northern Sumatra to Java is fairly well documented (Beaudry and Moore 1985;Izart et al 1994;Susilohadi et al 2005;Mosher et al 2008;Berglar et al 2008Berglar et al , 2010Moeremans et al 2014;Singh and Moeremans 2017). In contrast, the seismic stratigraphy of the Andaman Forearc region and its structural details have not been precisely described so far, due to the lack of adequate high-quality depth-controlled data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the Andaman Forearc Basin, Indian Ocean

et al. 2017

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Interpretation of new multichannel seismic reflection data from the Andaman Forearc Basin (AFB) in the northern Indian Ocean is presented here. The highquality multichannel seismic data from the Andaman Forearc region enable us to examine the seismic characters and to demarcate seismic sequences bounded by distinct unconformities. Ages of marked seismic horizons have been calibrated with available litholog data from nearby industry boreholes. Seismic interpretation of new data shows that the AFB is filled with * 4.5-s-two way travel time (TWT) thick Neogene to Recent sediments. The entire basin assemblage exhibits two distinct major sequences pertaining to the Neogene and Quaternary times. A large part of the basin is filled with intermittent mass transport deposits (MTD). We infer that the episodic uplift of the Invisible Bank, protuberance of the outerarc and regular deformation through reactivation of preexisting normal faults since the Pleistocene could be attributed as causal mechanisms for the MTDs. Strong bottom simulating reflectors are identified in the Late Miocene and younger sediments of the outerarc and AFB at a depth of * 0.6 s TWT and correspond to the presence of gas hydrates in this region. Our interpretations have significant implications for geodynamic as well as resource exploration in the AFB.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: The Andaman Forearc Basin and Its Basementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the Andaman Forearc Basin, Indian Ocean

et al. 2017

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“…Other islands farther southeast along this margin are known to be capped by Quaternary carbonate reefs [ Dorobek , ]. Furthermore, the Simeulue Basin, eastward of Simeulue Island, is known to contain multiple carbonate platforms [ Berglar et al ., ; Lutz et al ., ]. Based on the proximity of such platforms, its relatively flat top, the pinnacle‐like feature on SUMUT‐01, and the lack of acoustic penetration associated with it, we conclude that this region is a shallowly submerged carbonate platform.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What 2‐D multichannel seismic and multibeam bathymetric data tell us about the North Sumatra wedge structure and coseismic response

et al. 2015

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Recent large earthquakes have prompted studies to reevaluate seismicity and rupture propagation behavior along the world's major subduction margins. Our study area covers the entire fore arc from northwest of northern Sumatra to west of Simeulue Island, the southern portion of the 2004 tsunamigenic earthquake rupture zone. The accretionary prism width is up to~180 km, water depths between~4.5 km near the Sunda Trench and <1 km on fore-arc high. The wedge consists of a steep outer slope (5-12°), a plateau~100-120 km wide with anticlinal folds spaced 2-15 km apart, and a steep inner slope adjacent to the Aceh Basin. Analysis of seismic profiles and bathymetry reveal three main structural zones consistent along-strike, from the trench landward: (1) predominantly landward vergent folds, (2) mixed vergent folds, and (3) predominantly seaward vergent folds. This paper uses those zones to propose a geometry of an underlying rigid backstop. This backstop is seaward dipping and extends from under the Aceh Basin to beneath the mixed vergence zone. A dynamic backstop possibly exists seaward of the rigid backstop and is responsible for the steep slope of the outer prism. Indurated accreted sediments form the landward vergence zone. Along with the possible dynamic backstop beneath the outer wedge, and the rigid backstop in the inner wedge, all behave as a solid block coseismically. This block allows great earthquake rupture to propagate farther seaward toward the Sunda Trench, with resultant hazardous tsunamigenic potential.

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“…Although studies of exhumed FAB deposits, such as the Great Valley Sequence of California (e.g., Mitchell et al, 2010;Williams and Graham, 2013) provide insights into sediment accumulation and facies architecture, the controls on sedimentation in ancient FABs remain poorly documented because of the low-preservation potential and imprecise temporal resolution (Ingersoll and Busby, 1995). Many geophysical studies of modern FABs have utilized regional seismic reflection profiles to map the stratigraphic framework (e.g., Ballesteros et al, 1988;Beaudry and Moore, 1985;Berglar et al, 2008;Chapp et al, 2008;Coulbourn and Moberly, 1977;Laursen et al, 2002;Laursen and Normark, 2003;Matson and Moore, 1992;McNeill et al, 2000;Speed et al, 1989;Susilohadi et al, 2005;Torrini and Speed, 1989). Paquet et al (2011) completed a high-resolution study of the Hawke Bay FAB (Hikurangi margin) that included precise integration of sequencebounding unconformities and eustatic sea-level history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of tectono-sedimentary systems in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough forearc

Moore

Boston

Strasser

et al. 2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

135

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a b s t r a c tSedimentary deposits in the distal Kumano forearc basin of the Nankai accretionary margin off Kii Peninsula, Japan, have been imaged using three-dimensional (3D) seismic data. The seismic data, along with logging and core data from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) show that the unconformity between the accretionary prism and overlying forearc sediments is time-transgressive. The unconformity at Site C0002 separates 5 Ma prism rocks from 3.65 Ma basin deposits; at Site C0009 it separates 5.6 Ma prism from 3.8 Ma basin sediments. Acoustic reflections in the basal deposits are subparallel to the underlying accretionary prism; the acoustic facies varies in thickness from 50 to 750 m. The mudstone deposits and laterally equivalent turbidites are interpreted as lower trench-slope deposits. The condensed slope sediment (SS) section decreases in age from 3.5 to 1.5 Ma at Site C0002 to 1.5 e0.9 Ma at C0009.Acoustic sequences within the lower forearc basin (LFB) contain higher proportions of silt and sand turbidites and progressively onlap the SS unit along a low-angle discontinuity (KL) in a landward direction. Because of the landward onlap of the LFB unit, the oldest LFB strata at C0002 are older than 1.67 Ma, whereas those at C0009 are younger than~0.9 Ma. Thus, the amount of time missing or characterized by condensed sedimentation across the KL unconformity decreases in duration in the landward direction. The landward-onlapping sequences tilt progressively landward in response to regional uplift along an out-of-sequence thrust (OOST; mega-splay) fault. Regional tilting shifted the basin's depocenter progressively landward, expanding that part of the basin from~10 km in width to >30 km. The onset of sand-silt turbidite deposition in the distal basin began after more accommodation space was created by the uplift of the outer ridge along the splay fault at~1.9 Ma. Conversely, turbidites of the Upper Forearc Basin (UFB) progressively onlap LFB in a seaward direction. Furthermore, the respective thicknesses of the LFB and UFB units switch from the seaward side of the basin (C0002) farther landward (C0009): the LFB unit is > 800 m thick in the seaward region, whereas it is only 200e300 m thick in the landward region; the UFB unit is < 50 m thick in the seaward region, and up to 600 m thick in the landward region. Thus, Kumano Basin responded in both space and time to a complex interplay between tectonics and sedimentation. The stratigraphy records a balance between the effects of prism uplift along the basin's distal edge with the rerouting of channels and canyons along the basin's proximal edge.

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Neogene subsidence and stratigraphy of the Simeulue forearc basin, Northwest Sumatra

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the Andaman Forearc Basin, Indian Ocean

Late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the Andaman Forearc Basin, Indian Ocean

What 2‐D multichannel seismic and multibeam bathymetric data tell us about the North Sumatra wedge structure and coseismic response

Evolution of tectono-sedimentary systems in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough forearc

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