Neoliberalism: From New Liberal Philosophy to Anti-Liberal Slogan

Theorizing ideational continuity: The resilience of neo-liberal ideas in Europe

“…7 The variety of treatments of neo-liberalism also links to debates about its historical context because it emerges from a broader liberal philosophical tradition with its own internal divisions on how to balance state and market, individual liberty and collective endeavour, and economy and society. 8 3 See Peck and Tickell 2002;Harvey 2005;Mudge 2008;Brenner, Peck, and Theodore 2010;Cerny 2008;Peck 2010;Boas and Gans-Morse 2009;and Evans and Sewell 2013. 4 See, for example, Mirowski andPlehwe 2009 andGamble 2009.…”

“…Finally, in the political arena, economic liberalism can be attached to other philosophical ideas about how to steer the economy, administer the state, build community, and promote the welfare of society. These other ideas may encompass conservative principles, as in the case of Margaret Thatcher's evocation of 'Victorian values' 16 ; or social-democratic principles, as when Scandinavians sought to 'save the welfare state' by 15 See Boas andGans-Morse 2009: 156, andPeck 2010: 13-15. 16 See Martin and Ferrera, both in this volume. adding neo-liberal elements; or a 'third way' between the two, as in the case of the British Labour Party after the 1990s under Tony Blair.…”

Ethnographies of Neoliberal Governmentalities: from the neoliberal apparatus to neoliberalism and governmental assemblages

“…Academics' use of the term neoliberalism grew enormously during the 2000s, with it being linked to a disorientating range of changeseverything from global financial deregulation to the rise of Bollywood films and the transformation of education. 12 At the same time the term has developed a clear "negative normative valence" -those who embrace the kinds of economic and political change to which it refers rarely use the term 'neoliberalism'. 13 Adding to the term's complexity, while many of the social and economic changes associated with neoliberalism are not new, the term itself is.…”

“…12 At the same time the term has developed a clear "negative normative valence" -those who embrace the kinds of economic and political change to which it refers rarely use the term 'neoliberalism'. 13 Adding to the term's complexity, while many of the social and economic changes associated with neoliberalism are not new, the term itself is. Work during the 1990s more commonly referred to the significant economic and political change of the 1980s as advanced liberalism, 14 the 'new right,' 15 or 'economic rationalism.'…”

Neoliberalism and the Biophysical Environment: A Synthesis and Evaluation of the Research

“…Another view is that we should relieve the term of some of its current denotations, not least because we have other well-established words for them -such as privatisation, commodification, the 'free market', 'the Washington Consensus' or structural adjustment. By doing so, we would restrict -and so render more precise -the meaning of those situations or things we still prefer to describe as neoliberal (see Boas and Gans-Morse, 2009). Still another perspective is that we are now beyond the point of no return: so various and confusing are the meanings of 'neoliberalism' that it has become as 'chaotic' a concept as globalization was after a decade of debate and use (circa 1990-2000).…”