Neonatal administration of idiotype or antiidiotype primes for protection against Escherichia coli K13 infection in mice.

Abstract

Antibodies directed against the capsular polysaccharides (Ps) of encapsulated pathogenic bacteria can protect the host against infection with such organisms. The immune response to Ps, however, does not develop until relatively late in ontogeny. We have, therefore, studied alternative ways to stimulate anti-Ps antibody responses in neonates, namely priming with idiotype (Id) and anti-Id. We believe that these studies provide the first demonstration of the use of an anti-Id antibody to prime for protection against a bacterial infection and the first demonstration of the ability of a monoclonal anti-Id to prime for protection against any microbial infection. We have used a monoclonal IgM Id, anti-K13 capsular antibody, and a monoclonal IgG1 anti-Id in studies of the effects of administration of anti-Id or Id within 24 h after birth on the ability of mice to respond to subsequent immunization and challenge with live bacteria. These studies show that neonatal administration of 1 micrograms of Id or 50 ng of anti-Id lead to significantly enhanced protection in mice immunized at 4 wk of age and challenged at 5 wk with an intraperitoneal injection of 20-30 LD50 of E. coli 06:K13:H1, as compared with unprimed or antigen (Ps)-primed controls. Mice primed at birth, immunized at 12 wk of age, a time when they can respond fully to Ps itself, and challenged 1 wk later, were still significantly protected by anti-Id priming but no longer showed the effects of Id. We conclude that administration of protective Id early in life may serve a dual function in providing immediate passive protection as well as priming for protective antibodies upon subsequent antigen exposure.

Sequential Immunization of Melanoma Patients with GD3 Ganglioside Vaccine and Anti-Idiotypic Monoclonal Antibody That Mimics GD3 Ganglioside

“…This early report represents an example of an anti-idiotypic MAb priming for a protective immune response against a non-protein antigen (12). Although our current trial is the first attempt to use an anti-idiotypic MAb vaccine to prime for a response against the original antigen in patients, we found no evidence of priming by BEC2.…”

“…Also, we wished to test the hypothesis that the antiidiotypic MAb BEC2 could prime the host for response to the GD3-L-KLH vaccine. This has been observed in a mouse model against the antigen Escherichia coli polysaccharide (12). In this current trial, melanoma patients who were free of disease but at high risk for recurrence were immunized either with BEC2/ BCG followed by GD3-L-KLH/QS-21 or GD3-L-KLH/QS-21 followed by BEC2/BCG.…”

Protective Immunization against Group B Meningococci Using Anti-Idiotypic Mimics of the Capsular Polysaccharide

“…After the first demonstration that the antigenic functions of carbohydrates can be mimicked by anti-idiotypic Abs (24), murine mAbs have been successfully used as experimental anti-idiotypic vaccines to induce protective immunity against different encapsulated bacteria (13)(14)(15)25). More recently, short peptides also proved capable of mimicking carbohydrate Ags (12,26,27).…”

“…12). The ability of murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic Abs to function as surrogate vaccines against several different encapsulated pathogens has been shown in the past (13)(14)(15). More recently, it was shown that anti-idiotypic single-chain Ab fragments (scFv) are sufficient to induce protective, capsulespecific Ab responses (16).…”

Production of Monoclonal Anti‐Idiotype Antibodies Which Mimic an M‐Like Protein of Streptococcus equi

“…A number of anti-idiotype vaccines have been developed in animal models and the induction of neutralizing levels of antibody and cell-mediated immunity have been demonstrated (1, 8,13,17). Thus, anti-idiotype vacccines have been used to induce protective immunity against viruses (2, 3, 9-11, 15, 17, 21), bacteria (12,18,19), and parasites (4, 16) and they have also been used effectively in cancer therapy (5).…”