Neonatal Adrenal Cortical Response to Stress and Vasopressin.

Schapiro, Shawn; Geller, Edward; Eiduson, Samuel

doi:10.3181/00379727-109-27384

Cited by 128 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…In rodents, this period is characterized by a reduced HPA axis response to stressors, lasting from about postnatal day 4 to 14 (Schapiro et al, 1962;Schmidt et al, 2003). Research has not yet resolved the question of whether or not such a period of HPA hypo-responsiveness also exists in humans (Lupien et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Tegethoff

Knierzinger

Meyer

et al. 2013

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Tegethoff

Knierzinger

Meyer

et al. 2013

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…3 The percent cross-reaction was calculated as follows: If xϭpicograms of 11-dehydrocortiocosterone required to displace 50% of HRP-labeled 11-dehydrocortiocosterone bound to the antibody and yϭpicograms of steroid tested required to displace 50% of HRP-labeled 11-dehydrocortiocosterone bound to the antibody, then the percent crossreaction of steroid testedϭ(x/y)ϫ100. development (2-10 d after birth), rats and mice undergo a period of reduced stress responsiveness, the so-called stress hypo-responsive period (SHRP), 27) and stimulation of corticosterone secretion by ACTH is very low. 28) It is reported that the serum corticosterone circadian rhythm, which is due to the diurnal variation of adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, is not established before 16 d of age.…”

Section: Comparison Of Hplc Methods and Direct Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serum 11-Dehydrocorticosterone in Rat and Mouse

Tagawa

Ikariko

Fukumura

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Glucocorticoids are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes of carbohydrate, lipid and protein, and have an almost systemic effect, e.g., blood pressure, immune system, nervous system and stress. Glucocorticoid levels in the blood circulation are controlled by a negative feedback mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. On the other hand, in peripheral tissues, intracellular levels of glucocorticoid are regulated by two isozymes, 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2 (11b-HSD-1 and 11b-HSD-2). They catalyze the interconversion of biologically inert 11-keto-steroid (11-dehydrocorticosterone or cortisone) and active 11-oxo-glucocortiocoids (corticosterone or cortisol). 11b-HSD-1, which exists in the liver, adipose tissue, brain, lung and gonads, reduces the carboxyl group at the C-11 position to a hydroxyl group to increase active intracellular glucocorticoid levels. Conversely, 11b-HSD-2 oxidizes the hydroxyl to a carboxyl group at the C-11 position in the distal nephron, colon and sweat glands to protect the mineralocorticoid receptor from binding abundant glucocorticoid in the circulation. [1][2][3][4] 11b-HSDs modulate the intracellular levels of active glucocorticoid, which exerts physiological effects, as described above. Thus, the disruption of their enzymatic regulation in peripheral tissues induces various diseases, for example, increased 11b-HSD-1 activity in the adipose tissues and liver is linked to metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension, 1,2,5,6) and decreased or deficient 11b-HSD-2 in the renal tubules causes hypertension and apparent mineralocorticoid excess.7-9) Therefore, it is clinically important to evaluate the activity of 11b-HSD-1 and 11b-HSD-2 in vivo; however, it is difficult to measure these activities directly in the tissues in vivo. One alternative is to measure the ratios of serum concentrations of cortisol and cortisone after the oral administration of cortisone acetate under the suppression of endogenous cortisol by dexamethasone.10-12) In mice and rats, which are the most conventional and standard experimental animals, cortisol and cortisone in humans correspond to corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone, respectively. Therefore, the determination of serum corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone levels is required to measure 11b-HSD activity in these animals 13) ; however, no convenient and useful enzyme immunoassay for 11-dehydrocorticosterone is available to date. 14,15) In this paper, we described ELISA for serum 11-dehydrocorticosterone and also investigated the developmental changes of serum 11-dehydrocorticosterone levels in rats and mice, and using the proposed ELISA, chronological changes of serum 11-dehydrocorticosterone levels after 11-dehydrocorticosterone administration to rats have been determined. Serum corticosterone levels were also measured in these rats. The results indicate that the proposed ELISA for 11-dehydrocorticosterone is useful for measuring 11b-HSD activities in combination wit...

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“…The phenomenon of cold stress non-responsive in the domestic fowl endures for only 48-h or so after hatching (Freeman and Freeman, 1982). In mammal, non-responsive state persists for up to 7-d (Schapiro et al, 1962;Milkovic and Milkovic, 1963). As for food intake during exposure to HT, chickens reduce their intake to suppress their metabolic heat production to minimize the load from the excess ambient temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Young Chicks to High Ambient Temperature

et al. 2012

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Birds reduce their food intake by the exposure to high ambient temperature (HT) which ultimately affects their productivity. However, physiological and behavioral responses of young chicks of different ages to HT have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of HT (40℃, 4-h) in 3-, 5-, 7-, 14-and 21-d old chicks. There were no significant differences in food intake between heat exposed and control chicks up to 7-d old, while clear suppressions of food intake were observed in 14-and 21-d old heat exposed chicks. Body weights were not affected in all age groups; however, rectal temperature was significantly increased in almost all ages. We examined blood metabolites of 7-, 14-and 21-d old chicks and found that plasma glucose concentration gradually increased in 14-to 21-d old heat exposed chicks. Conversely, triacylglycerol age-dependently decreased during exposure to HT. No significant changes were detected in plasma total protein, uric acid and calcium investigated in 7-, 14-and 21-d old heat exposed chicks compared to control groups. However, plasma glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase showed a significant interaction between HT and age, implying that liver and/or heart was damaged by HT with aging. These results indicate that HT (40℃; 4-h) suppresses food intake in young chicks of 14-or 21-d old age which reflects in some of their plasma metabolic concentrations.

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Neonatal Adrenal Cortical Response to Stress and Vasopressin.

Cited by 128 publications

References 0 publications

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Cortisol awakening response in infants during the first six postnatal months and its relation to birth outcome

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serum 11-Dehydrocorticosterone in Rat and Mouse

Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Young Chicks to High Ambient Temperature

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