Neonatal and Adolescent Adipocytokines as Predictors of Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

Buck, Catherine O; Li, Nan; Eaton, Charles B.; Kelsey, Karl T.; Cecil, Kim M.; Kalkwarf, Heidi J.; Yolton, Kimberly; Lanphear, Bruce P.; Chen, Aimin; Braun, Joseph M.

doi:10.1002/oby.23160

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…The direct relationship that we observed between weight gain and blood pressure is also consistent with results of others that have shown detrimental cardiometabolic parameters with early adiposity rebound [41,42]. We did not assess body composition or outpatient leptin levels, but other studies have suggested that leptin levels in early childhood could potentially predict later cardiometabolic risk [43]. In a recent investigation, leptin levels were higher in the breast milk of mothers of preterm than term infants, again suggesting an evolutionary role for leptin in infant development, but the differential leptin levels present in breast milk did not negatively impact the neonatal growth of the preterm or term infants [44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neonatal Leptin Levels Predict the Early Childhood Developmental Assessment Scores of Preterm Infants

et al. 2023

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Preterm infants have low circulating levels of leptin, a key trophic hormone that influences growth and development. While the clinical importance of prematurity-associated leptin deficiency is undefined, recent preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that targeted enteral leptin supplementation can normalize neonatal leptin levels. We tested the hypothesis that, independent of growth velocity, prematurity-related neonatal leptin deficiency predicts adverse cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes. In a planned 2-year longitudinal follow-up of 83 preterm infants born at 22 to 32 weeks’ gestation, we obtained blood pressures from 58 children and the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) for 66 children. Based on univariate analysis, blood pressures correlated with gestational age at birth (R = 0.30, p < 0.05) and weight gain since discharge (R = 0.34, p < 0.01). ASQ-3 scores were significantly higher in female than male children. Utilizing best subset regression with Mallows’ Cp as the criterion for model selection, higher systolic blood pressure was predicted by rapid postnatal weight gain, later gestation at delivery and male sex (Cp = 3.0, R = 0.48). Lower ASQ-3 was predicted by lower leptin levels at 35 weeks postmenstrual age, earlier gestation at delivery and male sex (Cp = 2.9, R = 0.45). Children that had leptin levels above 1500 pg/mL at 35 weeks postmenstrual age had the highest ASQ-3 scores at 2 years. In conclusion, independent of growth velocity, higher leptin levels at 35 weeks’ gestation are associated with better developmental assessment scores in early childhood. While longer-term follow-up of a larger cohort is needed, these findings support investigations that have suggested that targeted neonatal leptin supplementation could improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neonatal Leptin Levels Predict the Early Childhood Developmental Assessment Scores of Preterm Infants

et al. 2023

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High levels of sleep disturbance across early childhood increases cardiometabolic disease risk index in early adolescence: longitudinal sleep analysis using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study

Duraccio,

Xu,

Beebe

et al. 2023

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Study Objectives This study examines the impact of sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep disturbance during early childhood on the risk of cardiometabolic disorder (CMD) in early adolescence. Methods Within the Health Outcomes and Measures of Environment (HOME) Study, we examined sleep patterns of 330 children from ages 2 to 8 years and the relationship of these sleep patterns with cardiometabolic risk measures at age 12 (N = 220). We used a group-based semi-parametric mixture model to identify distinct trajectories in sleep duration, bedtime timing, and sleep disturbance for the entire sample. We then examined the associations between sleep trajectories and CMD risk measures using general linear models using both an unadjusted model (no covariates) and an adjusted model (adjusting for child pubertal stage, child sex, duration of breastfeeding, household income, maternal education, and maternal serum cotinine). Results In the unadjusted and adjusted models, we found significant differences in CMD risk scores by trajectories of sleep disturbance. Children in the ‘high’ disturbance trajectory had higher CMD risk scores than those in the ‘low’ disturbance trajectory (p’s=.002 and 0.039, respectively). No significant differences in CMD risk were observed for bedtime timing or total sleep time trajectories in the unadjusted or adjusted models. Conclusion In this cohort, caregiver-reported sleep disturbance in early childhood was associated with more adverse cardiometabolic profiles in early adolescence. Our findings suggest that trials to reduce CMD risk via sleep interventions – which have been conducted in adolescents and adults – may be implemented too late.

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Neonatal and Adolescent Adipocytokines as Predictors of Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Neonatal Leptin Levels Predict the Early Childhood Developmental Assessment Scores of Preterm Infants

Neonatal Leptin Levels Predict the Early Childhood Developmental Assessment Scores of Preterm Infants

High levels of sleep disturbance across early childhood increases cardiometabolic disease risk index in early adolescence: longitudinal sleep analysis using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study

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