Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Performance in Humans Influenced by Maternal Consumption of Environmentally Contaminated Lake Ontario Fish

Lonky, Edward; Reihman, Jacqueline; Darvill, Thomas; Mather, J. W.; Daly, Helen B.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(96)70949-8

Cited by 157 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Change scores representing the change in behavior from the first assessment to the second were computed and used as the outcome variables in the analyses. After controlling for confounding variables, contaminated fish consumption was associated with poorer scores on the reflex, autonomic, and habituation clusters (Lonky et al 1996). The deficits were similar to those reported a decade earlier in Michigan infants whose mothers consumed sport-caught Great Lakes fish (Jacobson et al 1984b) and in North Carolina infants whose mothers were exposed to PCBs from background environmental sources (Rogan et al 1986b).…”

Section: The Oswego Cohortsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The women were of low to middle socioeconomic status, and nearly all of them were Caucasian. Women who participated in the study did not differ from other women seen at the same clinic on demographic variables such as age, parity, and marital status, or on most aspects of labor and delivery (Lonky et al 1996). However, fewer of the women who participated in the study delivered by cesarean section, and the Apgar scores of the infants born to study participants were slightly but significantly higher than those of infants born to the women who did not participate (Lonky et al 1996).…”

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In 1990, a survey of 655 pregnant women from the Oswego area found that 8.2% had eaten large quantities of Lake Ontario fish (> 26 lb in the past 6 years). Forty-six percent of the women interviewed reported eating at least some Lake Ontario fish (Lonky et al 1996), highlighting the need for further research on the health impacts of in utero exposure to contaminants in Great Lakes fish.…”

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the participants for the Oswego study were recruited between June 1991 and June 1994 at the county's sole obstetric practice (Lonky et al 1996). Of the 2,587 women visiting the clinic for a mid-gestation sonogram during that time period, 1,337 (52%) agreed to be interviewed.…”

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NBAS is a widely used assessment of infant interactive, reflex, and motor behavior that yields seven cluster scores. The data from the whole cohort were evaluated using fish consumption as the exposure variable (Lonky et al 1996). The data from the subset of infants in the longitudinal sample were also evaluated using total highly chlorinated PCBs (7-9 chlorines) in cord plasma as the exposure variable .…”

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Schantz

Widholm

Rice

2003

Environ Health Perspect

454

294

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In the last decade advances in the analytic methods for quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have resulted in widespread availability of congener-specific analysis procedures, and large amounts of data on PCB congener profiles in soil, air, water, sediments, foodstuffs, and human tissues have become available. These data have revealed that the PCB residues in environmental media and human tissues may not closely resemble any of the commercial PCB mixtures, depending on source of exposure, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and weathering of PCBs in the environment. At the same time, toxicological research has led to a growing awareness that different classes of PCB congeners have different profiles of toxicity. These advances in analytic techniques and toxicological knowledge are beginning to influence the risk assessment process. As the data from ongoing PCB studies assessing the mediators of neurobehavioral outcomes in children are published, the weight of evidence for PCB effects on neurodevelopment is growing. Studies in Taiwan, Michigan (USA), New York (USA), Holland, Germany, and the Faroe Islands have all reported negative associations between prenatal PCB exposure and measures of cognitive functioning in infancy or childhood. The German study also reported a negative association between postnatal PCB exposure and cognitive function in early childhood--a result that had not been found in previous studies. Only one published study in North Carolina (USA) has failed to find an association between PCB exposure and cognitive outcomes. Despite the fact that several more recent studies have used congener-specific analytic techniques, there have been only limited attempts to assess the role of specific PCB congeners or classes of congeners in mediating neurodevelopmental outcomes. From a statistical standpoint, attempts to determine the role of individual congeners in mediating outcomes are hampered by the fact that concentrations of most individual congeners are highly correlated with each other and with total PCBs. From a toxicological standpoint, these efforts are hampered by the fact that many of the PCB congeners present in human tissues have never been studied in the laboratory, and their relative potency to produce nervous system effects is unknown. More complete information on the health effects of various congeners or congener classes would allow more informed scientific and risk assessment decisions.

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Section: The Oswego Cohortsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Oswego Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Schantz

Widholm

Rice

2003

Environ Health Perspect

454

294

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Teratogen update: Polychlorinated biphenyls

Jacobson¹,

Jacobson²

1997

Teratology

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Halogenated Biphenyls

Mukerjee¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Polyhalogenated biphenyls are a family of compounds based on biphenyl as the parent compound. Chlorinated and brominated biphenyls have been manufactured for commercial purposes. There are 209 possible structural congeners of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) the same number of congeners can exist. A listing of all PCB congeners is given along with their Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry numbers an identifying numbering system are given. PCBs used commercially are complex mixtures consisting of various PCB congeners and isomers. It has been estimated that in the United States a total of 1400 million pounds of PCBs were manufactured of which 150 million pounds were exported, and 3 million pounds were imported. Because of their nonflammability, thermal stability, outstanding dielectric properties, and resistance to chemical reactivity, PCBs have been used extensively as dielectric fluids in liquid‐cooled electric motors, transformers, capacitors; electromagnets, vacuum pumps, gas turbines, hydraulic fluids; heat‐transfer systems; voltage regulators, liquid‐filled cable, fluorescent light ballasts, electronic equipment; as plasticizers in synthetic resins, adhesives, surface coatings, sealants, printing and carbonless coping papers, pesticide extenders, inks, lubricants, and cutting oils. PCBs have also been used in slide mounting medium for oil immersion lens microscopy. Although PCBs are no longer produced and their use has been discontinued in most countries, many old equipment filled with PCBs are still in service today. World wide approximately 800,00 tons of PCBs are still in use. These equipments are the new sources of environmental contamination when PCBs start leaking or when the equipments are disposed of. Commercial production of polybrominated biphenyls in the United States began in 1970 and was discontinued in early 1977. The general population may be exposed to PCBs from a variety of sources, including food, ambient air, occupational settings, and consumer products. The major exposure routes to humans are through food. Accidental oral exposures to PCBs have been reported. In all cases, total PCB levels must be based on specific congener analysis or direct perchlorination rather than in terms of Aroclors because the congener patterns in environmental media and biological tissues usually do not match those in Aroclor fluids unless massive contamination has occurred (typical of spills and some occupational situations). Thus predictive models based on specific congener data must also be utilized. The less chlorinated congeners predominate in air samples from known contaminated areas and in water and wet deposition samples with temperature and the amount of sediment in river and water samples being important covariables. In contrast, the more highly chlorinated isomers with substituents at the 2,4,5 or 2′,4′,5′ positions tend to bioaccumulate in some crop vegetables, game animals, fish, and human tissue samples. PCBs in contaminated soils can be absorbed by plants and vegetables with shallow‐root systems to PCB contamination, although volatilization in this situation is also favored; erosion of such soils will also cause contamination of sediments. The more chlorinated congeners dominate in soils and sediments and the resident biota (cash crops, vegetables, fish, aquatic life). The absolute levels in any situation depend on which of the competing processes dominates. PCB mixtures produce low to moderate acute toxicity in mammalian species, but produce pronounced subacute and chronic toxicity. In contrast, invertebrates exhibit greater acute toxicity to PCBs (LC 50 s<1 mg/L). In addition, as reported for other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs exhibit significant interspecies variability in toxicity. In considering the health effects of PCBs in animals, it is important to consider the isomer and congener composition of the PCBs, potential impurities, the length of exposure, and the species under investigation.

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Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Performance in Humans Influenced by Maternal Consumption of Environmentally Contaminated Lake Ontario Fish

Cited by 157 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children.

Teratogen update: Polychlorinated biphenyls

Halogenated Biphenyls

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