It has been more than 50 years since Prof Thomas Starzl and colleagues [1] performed the first successful human liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. In the following years, LT gradually established its role as definitive therapy for patients with acute liver failure and end-stage liver disease, and later on for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over this period, rapid advances have taken place in pre-operative management of these critically ill liver diseases patients, sophisticated operative techniques, implementation of optimal post-transplant immunosuppressive regimens to balance between adequate immunosuppression to prevent rejection and not too much to cause infection. For a successful outcome in LT, it needs a multidisciplinary approach with a hepatologist, liver transplant surgeon and liver intensivist who serve as pillars of the program and ably supported by allied specialities like cardiology, pulmonology, nephrology, infectious diseases, transfusion medicine, radiology and so on. Timely transplant is the key to success, failing which patients do end up becoming too sick and are not in a fit state for LT. Hence it is important to understand that referral for liver transplant should be considered at the onset of decompensation and not just based on MELD criteria alone due to long waiting list especially in a cadaveric transplant setting. It is prudent to identify these patients of end stage liver disease (ESLD) early, triage patients needing LT, optimize them medically prior to transplant, establish standard working protocols for posttransplant and long-term immunosuppression with careful tailoring of immunosuppression, keeping strict vigilance on possible post-transplant metabolic complications at any point of time. The goal of such a systematic and protocolised approach is to maximise good patient and graft outcomes in a replicable manner across the board amongst various centres in the world.