Neonatal cranial sonography: A concise review for clinicians

Gupta, Pankaj; Sodhi, Kushaljit Singh; Saxena, Akshay Kumar; Khandelwal, Niranjan; Singhi, Pratibha

doi:10.4103/1817-1745.181261

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Patient age and the subtlety of anticipated findings determine the best imaging sequences for reducing patient motion during an MRI exam while simultaneously minimizing the use of anesthesia and sedation. Limited fast MRI with single shot-fast spin echo or half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (SSFSE or HASTE; Table 1) is often adequate to evaluate ventricular size in children with known hydrocephalus [6], although ultrasound can be used for the first several months [7]. When evaluating for readily apparent abnormalities such as a large infarct or hemorrhage, sequences that correct for motion but offer relatively low spatial resolution can be used.…”

Section: Preventing Motion Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric neuro MRI: tricks to minimize sedation

Barkovich

Desikan

et al. 2017

Pediatr Radiol

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the workhorse modality in pediatric neuroimaging because it provides excellent soft-tissue contrast without ionizing radiation. Until recently, studies were uninterpretable without sedation; however, given development of shorter sequences, sequences that correct for motion, and studies showing the potentially deleterious effects of sedation on immature laboratory animals, it is prudent to minimize sedation when possible. This manuscript provides basic guidelines for performing pediatric neuro MRI without sedation by both modifying technical factors to reduce scan time and noise, and using a multi-disciplinary team to coordinate imaging with the patient's biorhythms.

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Section: Preventing Motion Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric neuro MRI: tricks to minimize sedation

Barkovich

Desikan

et al. 2017

Pediatr Radiol

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“…Ultrasound examination of the head is used by pediatric neurosurgeons and pediatricians to perform intracranial assessment. 15–17 In these examinations, echocardiographic probes are used to inspect the anterior fontanel, which is widely patent. In 1998, Soboleski et al 18 examined excised synostosed suture specimens by high-resolution sonography and reported that the high-resolution sonographic images provided easy means to assess sutural width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial Suture Measurement by 2-point Method in Ultrasound Screening of Craniosynostosis

Okamoto

Nuri

Harada

et al. 2019

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Diagnostic imaging for craniosynostosis currently relies entirely on radiation images, but it has been estimated that a risk of cancer from diagnostic x-rays may exist. Use of ultrasound imaging has been reported, but very little has been written on normal findings of the cranial suture. Also, ultrasound diagnostic methods have not been established. To obtain images for the diagnosis of abnormal sutures in craniosynostosis, we investigated the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the suture. To establish screening methods for craniosynostosis, we prepared a 2-point method for simple evaluation and confirmed its usefulness. Methods: Ultrasonography was performed in infants with normal head, deformational plagiocephaly, and craniosynostosis. We focused on the measurement indices and decided on the order for making our observations. Furthermore, we developed an evaluation method (2-point method) and recorded our finding in a useful table. Results: We could clearly judge whether the cranial suture was patent or closed and were able to measure the suture width. Even for 2-year-old children, the width of the sutures at the points measured exceeded the echocardiographic resolution. By using the 2-point evaluation method, all the sutures could be inspected in about 2 minutes. Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 95.1%. Conclusions: Our present studies showed that normal or abnormal suture can be clearly distinguished by ultrasound. By evaluating the fixed points instead of the whole line, it was possible to shorten the inspection time. Ultrasound screening by applying the 2-point method is very useful.

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“…Cerebral white matter injury after preterm birth is associated with long-term, adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes ( Hintz et al, 2015 , Allen, 2008 , Aylward, 2005 ). In the past, many children born preterm (PT) had cystic lesions visualized readily on cranial ultrasound and clinical MRI scans ( Gupta et al, 2016 , Inder et al, 1999a ). Advances in neonatal medicine have reduced the rates of cystic injuries, ( Gano et al, 2015 ) but have not eliminated noncystic white matter injury and subsequent white matter dysmaturity ( Volpe, 2009 , Back et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter microstructure of 6-year old children born preterm and full term

Dodson

Travis

Ben-Shachar

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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AimWe previously observed a complex pattern of differences in white matter (WM) microstructure between preterm-born (PT) and full-term-born (FT) children and adolescents age 9–17 years. The aim of this study was to determine if the same differences exist as early as age 6 years.MethodWe obtained diffusion MRI (dMRI) scans in children born PT at age 6 years (n = 20; 11 males) and FT (n = 38; 14 males), using two scanning protocols: 30 diffusion directions (b = 1000 s/mm2) and 96 diffusion directions (b = 2500 s/mm2). We used deterministic tractography and analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA) along bilateral cerebral WM pathways that demonstrated differences in the older sample.ResultsCompared to the FT group, the PT group showed (1) significantly decreased FA in the uncinate fasciculi and forceps major and (2) significantly increased FA in the right anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi, and inferior longitudinal fasciculi. This pattern of group differences resembles findings in the previous study of older PT and FT participants. Group differences were similar across dMRI acquisition protocols.InterpretationThe underlying neurobiology driving the pattern of PT-FT differences in FA is present as early as age 6 years. Generalization across dMRI acquisition protocols demonstrates the robustness of group differences in FA. Future studies will use quantitative neuroimaging techniques to understand the tissue properties that give rise to this consistent pattern of WM differences after PT birth.

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Neonatal cranial sonography: A concise review for clinicians

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Pediatric neuro MRI: tricks to minimize sedation

Pediatric neuro MRI: tricks to minimize sedation

Cranial Suture Measurement by 2-point Method in Ultrasound Screening of Craniosynostosis

White matter microstructure of 6-year old children born preterm and full term

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