Neonatal Energy Metabolism

The energy requirements of healthy preterm babies are well documented in the literature. However, the clinical load in neonatal intensive care units is due to sick preterm infants requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, many of whom will develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia. It is this group in which knowledge of energy requirements is scanty. This group also has poor energy reserves and is often intolerant of enteral and parenteral nutrition. In this article, we will review methods of measurement of energy expenditure, methodological problems when applied to ill infants and published results of energy expenditure measurements in sick preterm babies. We will review the link between energy reserves, energy intake and energy expenditure. The problems of undernutrition in early postnatal life and possible consequences in adult life will be discussed.

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Effects of Budesonide Inhalation on Energy Expenditure, Somatic Growth and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Preterm Infants with Chronic Lung Disease

Bauer

Teufel

Maser-Gluth

et al. 2009

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: We hypothesized that the use of inhaled budesonide (BUD) would alter somatic growth by increasing energy expenditure (EE) in premature infants with chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods: A prospective study was conducted of the effect of BUD on EE, growth and salivary cortisol excretion in infants with CLD who required supplemental oxygen and were treated with inhaled BUD for 4 weeks according the severity of their CLD, or without BUD treatment. Infants were compared with a healthy control group matched for gestational age. EE, anthropometric measures and salivary cortisol levels were examined before, during and after BUD treatment. Results: A total of 30 spontaneously breathing premature infants were enrolled in the study. EE in CLD (BUD) and CLD (no BUD) patients were greater than EE in healthy preterm infants (p < 0.01) at the study time points. Growth did not differ between the groups. Salivary cortisol levels of treated infants were significantly lower when compared with the levels of nontreated infants. Conclusion: The administration of inhaled BUD in preterm infants with CLD was associated with an increase in EE, a suppression of endogenous cortisol production and with no effect on duration of supplemental oxygen, but did not compromise their somatic growth.

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Neonatal Energy Metabolism

Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

Increased energy expenditure and fecal fat excretion do not impair weight gain in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Increased energy expenditure and fecal fat excretion do not impair weight gain in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Energy requirements in sick preterm babies

Effects of Budesonide Inhalation on Energy Expenditure, Somatic Growth and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Preterm Infants with Chronic Lung Disease

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