Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae Infection

Khuri‐Bulos, Najwa; Mcintosh, Kenneth

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120380037009

Cited by 60 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…H. influenzae was most frequent in patients below 5 years of age; bacteremic H. influenzae type b disease is also most frequent during the first five years of life; except during the first weeks after birth when the infant is protected by maternal antibodies. However, cases of bqcteremia due to non-typable H. influenzae strains have been reported (Albritton 1978), and haemophilus ophthalmia has been associated with several systemic infection (Khuri-Bulos & McIntosh 1975). This again indicates the importance of bacterial cultivation from inflammed conjunctiva in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A microbiological study of conjunctivitis with emphasis on Chlamydia trachomatis, in Northern Norway

Olafsen

Størvold

Melby

1986

Acta Ophthalmologica

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To determine the microbiological agents in conjunctivitis in children and young adults, physicians outside hospitals were asked to obtain samples from the conjunctiva in patients presenting with conjunctivitis. Specimens from 194 patients and 177 healthy controls were cultivated for Chlamydia trachomatis. In 12 cases Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated (i.e. 4 neonates, 1 three-year-old child and 7 adults, aged 17 to 39 years), but in none of the controls. Of the specimens from patients 168 and all of the healthy controls were cultivated for both bacteria (including Chlamydia trachomatis) and viruses. The main micro-organisms, regarded as infectious, were Haemophilus influenzae (20), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18), Staphylococcus aureus (14) and Chlamydia trachomatis (9). Haemophilus influenzae (non-typable strains) were isolated more frequently in the age group below 5 years of age than in the age group 5-50 years. Herpes simplex virus (type II) was isolated in one neonate. Chlamydia trachomatis is among the most important infectious agents in conjunctivitis treated outside hospitals. As chlamydial infections need special attention regarding treatment and follow-up, physicians should be encouraged to obtain specimens for microbiological examination, including chlamydia, from the population at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors (Burns et al 1961;Khuri-Bulos & McIntosh 1975;Rowe et al 1979;adegaard 1983;Wishart et al 1984) state that knowledge of infectious agents in the eyes of patients with conjunctivitis and possible systemic infection is important, and in cases of conjunctivitis, which do not respond to conventional treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

A microbiological study of conjunctivitis with emphasis on Chlamydia trachomatis, in Northern Norway

Olafsen

Størvold

Melby

1986

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…The first neonatal, perinatal, and genital infections due to Haemophilus strains were described in the early 1900s (22,40,66), but the number of cases, while remaining low, has increased only in the last 15 years (3,10,16,20,37,58,72). A specific tropism of some Haemophilus influenza strains to the genital tract has been suggested from biotyping and serotyping studies (2,58,72); this is not unanimously admitted (41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Typing of urogenital, maternal, and neonatal isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in correlation with clinical source of isolation and evidence for a genital specificity of H. influenzae biotype IV

et al. 1989

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Over a period of 6 years, 114 strains of Haemophilus influenza and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were isolated from genital, mother-infant, or neonatal infections. Their serotypes, biotypes, antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and outer membrane protein (OMP) electrophoretic patterns were characterized and correlated with the various clinical outcomes. Genital H. influenza and H. parainfluenzae appeared to behave mostly as opportunistic pathogens; for instance, 62% of the cases of endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease were related to the presence of an intrauterine device. However, as seen clearly in one case, the strains may be sexually transmitted. The analysis of OMP patterns proved to be a very convenient method to seek evidence for the sexual origin of the infection. H. influenzae was more often involved in complicated genital infections than was H. parainfluenzae. Nontypeable and biotype II H. injluenzae strains were the more frequent isolates, except in pelvic inflammatory diseases, in which biotype I prevailed, and in mother-infant infections, in which one-fourth of the cases were due to biotype IV. Characterization of H. influenzae isolates did not support a general concept of specific genital strains. However, strains of biotype IV clearly stood out with two characteristics: (i) a peritrichous fimbriation and (ii) a very peculiar homogeneous OMP pattern comprising an OMP of molecular weight '18,000 unique to this biotype. These characteristics were also found in H. influenza biotype IV strains isolated from genital infections in the United States and used as controls. H. influenza biotype IV strains may thus correspond to a group somewhat adapted to the genital tract. * Corresponding author. mostly from neonatal or mother-infant infections in the United States and France (58, 72). However, clinical outcome has been shown to be more severe in Houston, Tex. (72), than in Tours, France (58). To account for this difference, we have compared our own H. influenza biotype IV isolates to nine strains originating in the United States and kindly provided by R. J. Wallace. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients. Haemophilus spp. were isolated from 1 October 1979 through 31 March 1987 in patients from the Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire Bretonneau in Tours, France. Patients belonged to two groups: women consulting for genital or urinary tract infections and newborn infants suspected to be at risk of infection on the basis of clinical signs in the mother (fever, genital or urinary tract infections, premature rupture of membranes, or premature onset of labor) or overt clinical signs in the child (fever, respiratory distress syndrome, shock, jaundice, or leukopenia). In these cases, bacterial investigations included two placental smears corresponding to both sides of the placenta, an aspiration of the gastric fluid, and swabs of ears, mouth, anus, and nose. In addition, urine analysis, blood cultures, and lumbar punctures were carried out in three circumstances: when the neonate had clinical or biological signs ...

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“…Contrary to what was anticipated, genital carriage rate is very low (White and Koontz, 1968;Khuri-Bulos and McIntosh, 1975). Nevertheless it was invariably present in the genital tract of mothers whose babies developed sepsis (Khuri-Bulos and McIntosh, 1975;Granoff and Nankervis, 1975;Nicholls, Yuille and Mitchell, 1975;Marston and Wald, 1976;Bale and Watkins, 1978). Unfortunately, except those mentioned above, in other reports there was either failure to collect any swabs or to record results of culture reports from mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…influenzae is rarely grown from the female genital tract (Hurley, 1970) and in a recent survey of cervical cultures among normal and pregnant women the isolation rate was less than in 1% (Khuri-Bulos and McIntosh, 1975). Though a rare cause of neonatal infection, it is one of the commonest pathogens in children under the age of 3 years (Fothergill and Wright, 1933).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal neonatal septicaemia and meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae acquired from the mother

Chattopadhyay

1984

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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SummaryA fatal case of neonatal Haemophilus influenzae type b, septicaemia and meningitis is described. Although the mother was asymptomatic, maternal genital tract culture yielded H. influenzaewhich was indistinguishable from the strain found in the infant. Despite the rarity of this organism as a cause of neonatal sepsis, increased awareness is essential so that this important offending pathogen is not missed.

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Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae Infection

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

A microbiological study of conjunctivitis with emphasis on Chlamydia trachomatis, in Northern Norway

A microbiological study of conjunctivitis with emphasis on Chlamydia trachomatis, in Northern Norway

Typing of urogenital, maternal, and neonatal isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in correlation with clinical source of isolation and evidence for a genital specificity of H. influenzae biotype IV

Fatal neonatal septicaemia and meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae acquired from the mother

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