Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: From the maternal infection to the child outcome

De Rose, Domenico Umberto; Bompard, Sarah; Maddaloni, Chiara; Bersani, Iliana; Martini, Ludovica; Santisi, Alessandra; Longo, Daniela; Ronchetti, Maria Paola; Dotta, Andrea; Auriti, Cinzia

doi:10.1002/jmv.29024

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Immunological assessments were conducted on the mother to determine the risk of viral transmission to the fetus and evaluate the potential need for antiviral prophylaxis during pregnancy [10]. The results of the immunological assessments indicated that the mother had high levels of IgG antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2, suggesting prior exposure to the virus and a lower risk of transmission to the fetus [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Second Trimester HSV-2 Infection detection in an 18 weeks fetus; Case Report

Boroomand-Saboor,

Gerami

2024

Preprint

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Background: Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2), is mainly linked to genital herpes infections. Also, Maternal HSV-2 infections during pregnancy pose increased risks, particularly when diagnosed in the third trimester, leading to unfavorable outcomes for the fetus and rarly detected in early second trimester of pregnancy. Case Presenation: We present a case of HSV-2 infection in an 18-week fetus in previously healthy mother, the patient's ultrasound findings, diagnostic evaluations, and subsequent management and oucome. Conclusion: This case underscores the challenges associated with mid-trimester intrauterine infections and prompts diagnosis based on ultrasound and echocardiography findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Second Trimester HSV-2 Infection detection in an 18 weeks fetus; Case Report

Boroomand-Saboor,

Gerami

2024

Preprint

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“…For HSV infections that occur in the last trimester of pregnancy, the risk of neonatal infection ranges from 30% to 50%, while the risk for early pregnancy infections is only 1% [ 12 ]. Several forms of neonatal infections can be identified based on the time of maternal infection: intrauterine infections (5% of cases), postnatal infections (10% of cases), and perinatal infections (85% of cases) [ 13 ]. Spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and congenital and neonatal HSV infections are all linked to genital herpes infections during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for TORCH Antibodies in Croatian Childbearing-Aged Women, 2014–2023

Vilibic-Cavlek,

Kolaric,

Belamaric

et al. 2024

Antibodies

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TORCH infections usually result in mild maternal morbidity, but may cause severe congenital abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to detect maternal infections, monitor the fetus after the disease has been recognized, and define the seronegative women who are at risk of primary infection during pregnancy. From 2014 to 2023, serum samples from 1032 childbearing-aged and pregnant women (16–45 years) were tested for IgM/IgG antibodies to the most common TORCH pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus (RUBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2). The overall IgG seroprevalence rates were 20.1% for T. gondii, 91.3% for RUBV, 70.5% for CMV, 66.8% for HSV-1, and 3.5% for HSV-2. Only HSV-2 seroprevalence was age-related, with a significant progressive increase in seropositivity from 0% in those aged less than 26 years to 9.3% in those older than 40 years. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was higher in residents of suburban/rural areas than in residents of urban areas (27.4% vs. 17.1%). In addition, participants from continental regions were more often toxoplasma-seropositive than those from coastal regions (22.2% vs. 15.3%). HSV-1 seroprevalence was also higher in suburban/rural areas (71.7% vs. 64.7%). Obstetric history was not associated with TORCH seropositivity. Univariate and multivariate risk analysis showed that suburban/rural areas of residence and continental geographic regions were significant risk factors for T. gondii seroprevalence. Furthermore, suburban/rural area of residence was a significant risk factor for HSV-1 seroprevalence, while older age was a significant risk factor for HSV-2 seroprevalence. A declining trend in the seroprevalence of all TORCH pathogens was observed compared to previous Croatian studies (2005–2011). Similarly, the proportion of women simultaneously IgG-seropositive to two or three pathogens decreased over time. The maternal serology before pregnancy could potentially reduce the burden of congenital TORCH infections.

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“… 7 Neonatal HSV infections are classified as either disseminated disease (25%), central nervous system disease and local/limited disease of the skin, eyes and/or mouth (35%–85%). 8 A rare extra genitourinary site for HSV-1 in adults is the breast. Acquisition is usually via the following routes: infant-maternal transmission during breastfeeding, autoinoculation or by sexual contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of a herpes nipple infection that resulted in neonatal HSV encephalitis

Stokes,

Zahler-Miller,

Dunn

2024

BMJ Case Rep

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We present a case of a primigravida in her 30s who had a caesarean delivery of dichorionic diamniotic twins at 33 weeks of gestation. Her postpartum course was complicated by a herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of her nipple, found after her neonates were diagnosed with HSV encephalitis. She was evaluated at her 3-week postpartum visit and reported that her neonates were concurrently admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with disseminated neonatal HSV-1. The patient and her partner were in a monogamous relationship with no known history of HSV. Physical examination demonstrated a vertical fissure on the face of her right nipple and a small cluster of vesicles on her left hand. PCR swabs of the lesions were positive for HSV-1 at both locations. The patient was started on oral valacyclovir 1000 mg two times per day, topical acyclovir ointment applied 4–6 times per day and mupirocin ointment applied 3 times per day to her breast with resolution of her breast lesions. She was able to continue expressing her breastmilk with the help of a pump and then resumed breastfeeding once her infection was cleared. Her infants recovered after prolonged parenteral antiviral therapy with age-appropriate development at follow-up.

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Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: From the maternal infection to the child outcome

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Early Second Trimester HSV-2 Infection detection in an 18 weeks fetus; Case Report

Early Second Trimester HSV-2 Infection detection in an 18 weeks fetus; Case Report

Screening for TORCH Antibodies in Croatian Childbearing-Aged Women, 2014–2023

Diagnosis and management of a herpes nipple infection that resulted in neonatal HSV encephalitis

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