Neonatal lipopolysaccharide and adult stress exposure predisposes rats to anxiety-like behaviour and blunted corticosterone responses: Implications for the double-hit hypothesis

Walker, Adam K.; Nakamura, Tamo; Byrne, Robert J.; Naicker, Sundresan; Tynan, Ross; Hunter, Michael D.; Hodgson, Deborah M.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.05.010

Cited by 137 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These findings contrast with Spencer et al (2006) who found that regardless of neonatal treatment condition, female rats treated at P14 did not differ in locomotor activity in the OFT following adult LPS challenge (Spencer et al, 2006). Walker et al (2009) found that only nLPS (P3 and P5) male rats exposed to repeated stress over 3 days in adulthood were less active than male controls and female counterparts in an OFT (Walker et al, 2009). Hyperactivity in an OFT was observed in male and female nLPS (P5) treated rats on P13-P17 (Fan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Neonatal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Sex differences were observed in nLPS (P3 and P5) treated rats on the EPM in adulthood. Specifically, adult nLPS males who received exposure to a three-day stress protocol (restraint stress, isolation stress) spent less time in the open arms (exhibiting anxiogenic effect) compared to nLPS females and all other treatment groups (Walker et al, 2009). Lastly, Fan et al (2011) reported that nLPS (P5) male and female rats on P21 showed anxiolytic effects (spent more time in the open arms) on the EPM compared to nSal controls (Fan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Neonatal Effects-existing Literature On the Effects Of Neonamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes of innate immune activation during prenatal and neonatal life

Rana

Aavani

Pittman

2012

Hormones and Behavior

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Humans are exposed to potentially harmful agents (bacteria, viruses, toxins) throughout our lifespan; the consequences of such exposure can alter central nervous system development. Exposure to immunogens during pregnancy increases the risk of developing neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Further, sex hormones, such as estrogen, have strong modulatory effects on immune function and have also been implicated in the development of neuropathologies (e.g., schizophrenia and depression). Similarly, animal studies have demonstrated that immunogen exposure in utero or during the neonatal period, at a time when the brain is undergoing maturation, can induce changes in learning and memory, as well as dopaminemediated behaviors in a sex-specific manner. Literature that covers the effects of immunogens on innate immune activation and ultimately the development of the adult brain and behavior is riddled with contradictory findings, and the addition of sex as a factor only adds to the complexity. This review provides evidence that innate immune activation during critical periods of development may have effects on the adult brain in a sex-specific manner. Issues regarding sex bias in research as well as variability in animal models of immune function are discussed.

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Section: Neonatal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Neonatal Effects-existing Literature On the Effects Of Neonamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes of innate immune activation during prenatal and neonatal life

Rana

Aavani

Pittman

2012

Hormones and Behavior

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“…For instance, Breivik et al [55] documented an increased in the severity of experimental periodontitis in Lewis rats subjected to MS that was accompanied by reduced concentrations of the cytokine TGF-1β in serum. Other studies have shown that a neonatal immune challenge also programs neuroimmune responses and increases the anxiety response to a stressor in adulthood [56,17], which is associated with HPA axis disturbances. Studies in humans also point in the direction of an altered immune response in stressed children [57,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Stress Activates Glial Cells in the Hippocampus but Attenuates Cytokine Secretion in Response to an Immune Challenge in Rat Pups

Saavedra

Navarro²,

Torner³

2017

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Early life stress (ELS) increases the vulnerability to developing psychopathological disorders in adulthood that are accompanied by brain inflammatory processes. However, it is not known how a combined double hit (stress and immune) at an early age affects the response of the neuroimmune system. Here we investigated the effect of periodic maternal separation (MS) followed by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on glial cells in the CA3 region and hilus of the hippocampus and on cytokine release on postnatal day (PN) 15. Methods: Male rat pups were subjected to MS (3 h/day, PN1-14). MS and control pups received a single LPS injection (1 mg/kg of body weight) on PN14. They were subjected to an open field test 1 h later. The pups were sacrificed 90 min after LPS injection (PN14) or on PN15 for cytokine or immunohistological analyses, respectively. Results: LPS reduced the locomotion and induced high corticosterone levels in treated pups. MS or LPS reduced microglial density and activated microglial cells in the hippocampal CA3 and hilus regions. Microglial activation was highest in MS-LPS pups. The astrocyte density was mildly reduced by MS or LPS in the CA3 region and hilus, but the reduction was maximal in MS-LPS pups. LPS increased the secretion of plasmatic interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, and of hippocampal IL-1β protein, but these were attenuated in MS-LPS pups. Conclusion: Although MS and LPS activate neuroimmune cells, stress attenuates the hippocampal and peripheral cytokine response to LPS through an as-yet unidentified adaptive mechanism. These results provide information regarding the neurobiology of stress and inflammation.

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“…Therefore, the impairment in mating strategies characterises a subfertile, rather than infertile, phenotype. Neonatal LPS exposure has been repeatedly shown to predispose to increased stress responsivity and anxiety-like behaviours in adulthood [60,79]. An anxiety-like phenotype is often associated with anhedonia-like symptoms.…”

Section: Impact Of Perinatal Lps Exposure On Reproductive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors in Early-Life Programming of Reproductive Fitness

2015

Self Cite

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Fertility rates have been declining worldwide, with a growing number of young women suffering from infertility. Infectious and inflammatory diseases are important causes of infertility, and recent evidence points to the critical role of the early-life microbial environment in developmental programming of adult reproductive fitness. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that acute exposure to an immunological challenge early in life has a profound and prolonged impact on male and female reproductive development. This review presents evidence that perinatal exposure to immunological challenge by a bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, acts at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in long-lasting changes in reproductive function, suggesting that disposition to infertility may begin early in life.

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Neonatal lipopolysaccharide and adult stress exposure predisposes rats to anxiety-like behaviour and blunted corticosterone responses: Implications for the double-hit hypothesis

Cited by 137 publications

References 54 publications

Sex effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes of innate immune activation during prenatal and neonatal life

Sex effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes of innate immune activation during prenatal and neonatal life

Early Life Stress Activates Glial Cells in the Hippocampus but Attenuates Cytokine Secretion in Response to an Immune Challenge in Rat Pups

Factors in Early-Life Programming of Reproductive Fitness

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