Objective:
The study aimed to compare the risk factors, treatment strategies, and early outcomes of symptomatic neonatal pneumothorax (NP) between preterm and term newborns.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit between 2015 and 2022, consisting of hospitalized neonates with symptomatic NP. The cases were divided into three groups according to their gestational ages: <34
0/7
(group 1), 34
0/7
-36
6/7
(group 2), and ≥37
0/7
weeks (group 3). Risk factors, treatment strategies, and mortality rates of the study groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis analysis.
Results:
Fifty-nine infants with a diagnosis of symptomatic NP were included in the study. The number of participants was as follows: 25 (42.3%) in group 1, 18 (30.5%) in group 2, and 16 (27.1%) in group 3. The need of delivery room (DR) resuscitation was significantly higher in group 1 (40%,
P
= .003). The surfactant administration rate was significantly higher in group 1 when compared to group 2 and group 3 (68% vs. 22% and 19%, respectively),
P
< .001. Similarly, the invasive mechanical ventilation percentage was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 and group 3,
P
= .014. However, compared to group 3 (63%), the percentage of chest drain insertion (CDI) need was significantly higher in group 1 (96%) and group 2 (89%) (
P
= .014).
Conclusion:
Exposure to DR resuscitation and the need for surfactant are the most common risk factors for NP in preterm infants. Although oxygen and/or needle aspiration treatments are less invasive in symptomatic NP, the improvement rate without CDI is very low in preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestational age.