Neonatal, postneonatal, childhood, and under-5 mortality for 187 countries, 1970–2010: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4

Infant mortality due to congenital malformation in Argentina (1998–2009): temporal and spatial analysis of neonatal and postneonatal components

“…In this period, according to Celton and Ribotta (2004), the decline in total neonatal and postneonatal IM was 58.1 % and 86.5 %. Data temporarily closer to period analyzed in this paper indicated that, between 1990 and 2010 in Argentina, the neonatal and postneonatal IM came down by 47 % and 64 %, respectively (Rajaratnam et al 2010). The magnitude relationship between total neonatal and postneonatal mortality was similar to that observed in this work for neonatal (11 %) and postnatal (27 %) RIMCM, all of which indicated that the largest reduction of IM by CM in Argentina, MI as the total, was mainly due to the decrease in postneonatal component, which experienced a significant reduction for the whole country of 19 % compared with the 12 % neonatal component between 2006 and 2009 (Table 3).…”

“…This behavior has been attributed to the change in child morbidity pattern determined by the rapid decline globally and in the Americas, particularly in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, of child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhea (Celton and Ribotta 2004;Rajaratnam et al 2010;Liu et al 2012;Bronberg et al 2012). The same trend in both indicators in the neonatal and postneonatal periods, decreased RIMCM and increased DCM%, were observed at the regional level but with different levels of significance (Tables 1 and 2).…”

“…In countries with high rates of neonatal IM, contributions from other causes (asphyxia, tetanus, and infections) are higher (Fariña et al 2010). There is a globally growing trend in the reduction of neonatal IM, regardless of the socio-economic status of each country (Rajaratnam et al 2010;Liu et al 2012). However, the magnitude of the reduction of the specific causes of neonatal deaths and their trend differ from each other.…”

Single motherhood and neonatal and infant mortality in Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso and Burundi

“…9 Mounting evidence has also shown that childhood mortality rates vary by socio-economic and bio-demographic characteristics. For instance, women with low or no education; 13 and 14 women in lower wealth quintile; 1 and 15 women who reside in rural areas; 1 and 16 women who have poor or no access to electricity; 17 and 18 women who delay initiation of breastfeeding; 19 and 20 women who did not complete child immunization; 21 women who use illicit substances during pregnancy; 22 women who are indigenous religious worshippers; and older fathers tend to have higher childhood mortality. 1 and 23 In other studies birth intervals, mother's age at birth, number of living children, sex of the child and unintended births are significantly associated with infant and neonatal mortality.…”

Cause-specific child mortality performance and contributions to all-cause child mortality, and number of child lives saved during the Millennium Development Goals era: a country-level analysis

“…It is worrisome that successful performance in a very specific disease could mask unsuccessful progress with other diseases, and that success in terms of the annual average reduction in all-cause child mortality could misrepresent poor performance in certain areas of cause-specific mortality reduction within the same country if we do not pay attention to cause-specific progress and contributing factors at the country level [15]. …”