Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders

Driscoll, Shirley G.; Smith, Clement A.

doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)31259-7

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similarly Prodham et al [9] in their study of 1402 cases of respiratory distress with birth weight of 2 kg or less, found HMO in 42.4% of cases. The incidence of HMO was lower in our study compared to the western studies [8,9]. Other Indian workers [2.5.6] have made similar observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Etiologically hyaline membrane disease, transient tachyopnea of newborn, meconium aspiration syndrome and asphyxia were common causes of ROS in our study. HMO was the commonest cause of respiratory distress and earlier workers have made similar observation [8,9]. Cunnigham and Smith [10] in their study of 137 cases requiring transportation to specialised wards observed 78 cases of respiratory disorders of which 73% were due to HMO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Incidence and Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Newborn

Nagendra

Wilson

Ravichander

et al. 1999

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Screening of 1986 consecutive Dve births was done for evidence of Respiratory Distress by administering Downe's scoring in a prospective study at level n nursery of a medical coUege. A detaUed antenatal, natal and postnatal history along with detaUed examination supported by relevant investigations was carried out to arrive at the etiological diagnosis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS).Results: 48 newborns developed RDS during the observation period. The incidence of RDS was 2.42%. Out of these 40.4% were

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Incidence and Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Newborn

Nagendra

Wilson

Ravichander

et al. 1999

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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“…Pulmonary hypoplasia is diagnosed in 7 8 to 109 9/% of neonatal necropsies and in about half of necropsied neonates with congenital anomalies (Driscoll and Smith, 1962;Pryse-Davies, 1972;Sultana et al, 1973), yet diagnostic criteria of PH have not been established. Whereas histological descriptions of PH have limited value (Potter, 1961;Reale and Esterly, 1973), the RAC provides a simple objective measurement of 'relative paucity of alveoli' or 'crowding of bronchial structures' which is unaffected by the state of expansion of the lungs (Emery and Mithal, 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary hypoplasia: lung weight and radial alveolar count as criteria of diagnosis.

Askenazi¹,

Perlman²

1979

Archives of Disease in Childhood

295

146

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SUmmARY A working definition of pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) was established by retrospective assessment of lung growth both in recognised and hypothetical PH-associated conditions. Lung weight: body weight ratios (LW:BW) were calculated, and morphometry was determined by the radial alveolar count (RAC) (Emery and Mithal, 1960). Both parameters were reduced compared with those of normal controls in diaphragmatic hernia, anencephalus, anuric renal anomalies, chondrodystrophies, and osteogenesis inperfecta. Comparison of LW:BW ratio and RAC indicated that the RAC was the more reliable criterion of PH, LW:BW ratio of .0-012 (67% of mean normal ratio) and/or RAC of < 4.1 (75 % of mean normal count) are suggested as diagnostic criteria of PH. Evidence of PH was incidentally discovered in a number of clinically unsuspected cases and retrospectively clarified the clinical and radiological findings. Routine assessment of lung growth should be an essential part of the neonatal necropsy.

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“…Respiratory problems present the major threats to survival of the newborn infant (Driscoll and Smith, 1962]. They are over whelmingly the consequence of the infant's failure to complete successfully the respira tory and circulatory adaptation from nitra to extrauterine life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Function and Acid‐base Balance in the Newborn Infant

Koch¹

1968

Acta Paediatrica

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Summary During gestation the placenta subserves the external respiration of the fetus as well as its metabolism. With the initiation of extrauterine life the placental circulation is eliminated and the fetus emerges from a watery environment into air. This implies the establishment of a new autonomic function, that of pulmonary respiration, which process is intimately linked to a profound readjustment of the circulation. The present series of investigations has been performed to elucidate certain of the processes involved in pulmonary gas exchange and to evaluate its efficiency compared to adult standards during the period of adjustment to extrauterine life. Though the most important and rapid changes in this adaptative process occur during the first seconds and minutes of extrauterine life they continue far beyond this period. Observations have therefore been extended until the end of the neonatal period defined as the first week of life; this has been considered particularly important as information as to the later period of this adjustment is scarce or lacking. Emphasis is laid on development of function. Because of the significant morbidity and mortality of the newborn infant in disorders of respiration all investigations throwing more light on the normal respiratory mechanisms and their alterations in disease have important practical implications by improving diagnostic possibilities and facilitating objective evaluation of therapeutic measures. A total of 172 healthy fullterm infants born after an uneventful pregnancy of normal length and uncomplicated vertex delivery are the subjects of the different studies. The size of the subjects to be studied and the lack of cooperation posed special methodological problems. Suitable procedures and methods permitting reproducible and valid measurements have been developed or adapted for the study of mechanics of breathing, functional residual capacity, pulmonary ventilation, diffusing capacity and gas exchange. Since capillary PO2 does not accurately reflect arterial PO2 a safe procedure permitting arterial blood sampling without disturbing steady state conditions had to be developed. The onset of respiration and initial aeration of the lungs is characterized by the generation of very high resistive forces, probably mainly due to high surface tension. Subsequently, lung compliance increases while lung resistance and inspiratory work decrease, the speed of these changes being highest in the beginning and slowing down subsequently. Within one hour after delivery, the functional residual capacity amounts to 40—80 ml and shows a relation to lung compliance similar to that later in life. Changes after 24 hours of life are insignificant. There is hypoxemia, CO2 retention and accumulation of fixed acids, i. e. respiratory and metabolic acidosis at birth. The respiratory component of acidosis is on the average abolished at 30 minutes and metabolic acidosis at 24 hours of life. PCO2 attains a minimum of about 33 mm Hg at 24 hours of life and increases slightly to 36 mm Hg at 7...

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Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders

Cited by 46 publications

References 37 publications

Incidence and Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Newborn

Incidence and Etiology of Respiratory Distress in Newborn

Pulmonary hypoplasia: lung weight and radial alveolar count as criteria of diagnosis.

Lung Function and Acid‐base Balance in the Newborn Infant

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