Neonatal sepsis in dogs: Incidence, clinical aspects and mortality

Pereira, Keylla Helena Nobre Pacífico; Fuchs, Kárita da Mata; Hibaru, Viviane Yukari; Correia, Luiz Eduardo Cruz dos Santos; Ferreira, João Carlos Pinheiro; Souza, Fabiana Ferreira de; Machado, Luiz Henrique de Araújo; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio; Lourenço, Maria Lúcia Gomes

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.015

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This condition can be related to anaesthetics used in the dam, which cause clinical depression in the puppy (Schmidt et al, 2021) and the absence of birth canal compression at delivery. The correlation between Apgar score and neurological reflexes is expected once they are neonatal vitality assessments (Batista et al, 2014; Pereira et al, 2022; Plavec et al, 2022; Veronesi et al, 2022; Vivan, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emergency c‐sections may interfere with glycaemic homeostasis. Therefore, neonates who experience excessive stress due to severe hypoxia may have hyperglycaemia at birth, which is like hormonal cascade of foetal distress that results in higher hepatic glycogen mobilization (Pereira et al, 2022). However, the glycogen mobilization can lead to subsequent hypoglycaemia due to the consumption of its reserves if the neonate remains fasting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The canine perinatal mortality rate is about 20%, predominantly occurring at the end of pregnancy, during delivery, immediately after and 7 days after delivery (Lawler, 2008; Lourenço & Machado, 2013; Mila et al, 2017; Pereira et al, 2022; Veronesi & Fusi, 2023). The most described causes are hypoxia in the perinatal period, hypoglycaemia, and hypothermia, often complicated by sepsis (Lawler, 2008; Münnich & Küchenmeister, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoglycaemia management with a hypercaloric supplementation in neonatal puppies delivered by caesarean section

Fuchs,

Pacífico Pereira,

de Sousa

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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There is a high perinatal mortality rate in dogs, estimated at 20%, and one of the leading causes of this rate is hypoglycaemia. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a hypercaloric supplement containing vitamins and amino acids in newborn puppies presenting hypoglycaemia at birth. Ninety‐nine pups were divided into four groups: normoglycaemic caesarean section (NORMOCS), hypoglycaemic caesarean section supplemented with the hypercaloric (SUPLCS), hypoglycaemic caesarean section supplemented with glucose (GLICCS) and eutocic delivery (EUT). We evaluated the following parameters glycaemia, Apgar score, neurological reflexes and rectal temperature of neonates at the following moments 5 min (M5), 30 min (M30) and 60 min (M60) after birth. Brachycephalic dogs were 73.3% (22/30) of caesarean sections (c‐sections). The puppy's average glycaemia represented about 90% of the maternal glycaemia, while 15.1% (14/99) of the neonates had hypoglycaemia (<90 mg/dL) at M0 and 46.5% (44/99) at M60. Only four neonates had glycaemia below 40 mg/dL at M30 but without showing any clinical signs. The puppy's fasting while waiting for the intraoperative period and the dam's anaesthetic recovery was considered risk factors for hypoglycaemia. There was no difference in mean blood glucose levels or vitality parameters among puppies from the SUPLCS and GLICCS. In conclusion, the hypercaloric supplement can be used as a replacement for glucose in hypoglycaemic puppies and it can also bring nutritional benefits for the puppy. The prepartum glycaemia of the dam is an important parameter to be measured, and the appropriate management of it reduces the chances of the puppies being born with hypoglycaemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoglycaemia management with a hypercaloric supplementation in neonatal puppies delivered by caesarean section

Fuchs,

Pacífico Pereira,

de Sousa

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic alteration in newborn patients. In veterinary medicine, the puppies most likely to manifest hypoglycemia are neonates who have gone through stressful events such as hypoxia at birth, neonates born from hypoglycemic mothers, sick, orphaned, premature and low birth weight neonates ( 5 , 29 , 41 ). Table 1 shows the main risk factors for the development of neonatal hypoglycemia.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Neonatal Hypoglycemia In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal hypoglycemia in dogs—pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

Fuchs,

Pereira,

Xavier

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic alteration in the clinical routine of newborn dogs, acting as a predictor of mortality in these patients. The neonatal dog shows hepatic insufficiency and homeostatic mechanisms not yet fully developed, with limited glycogen reserves and limited capacity to perform glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. These physiological particularities make newborn dogs particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia when of fasting, even for short periods. Several maternal and neonatal factors may be related to a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia in neonates. This paper reviews glycemic homeostasis, the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoglycemia, the main causes involved and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this condition.

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“…Sepsis, currently defined as “life‐threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”, 1 is a leading cause of mortality in both people and animals 2–7 . Many, if not most, septic patients have clinical signs associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine blood cultures: Can we do better?

Giancola

Hart

2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Blood culture is considered the gold standard test for documenting bacteraemia in patients with suspected bacterial sepsis in veterinary and human medicine. However, blood culture often fails to yield bacterial growth even though the clinical picture is strongly suggestive of bacterial sepsis, or contaminating organisms can overgrow the true pathogen, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of this lifethreatening condition very challenging. Methodology for collecting blood cultures in equine medicine, and even in human hospitals, is not standardised, and many variables can affect the yield and type of microorganisms cultured. Microbiological culture techniques used in the laboratory and specific sample collection techniques, including volume of blood collected, aseptic technique utilised, and the site, timing and frequency of sample collection, all have substantial impact on the accuracy of blood culture results. In addition, patient-specific factors such as husbandry factors, the anatomical site of the primary infection, and changing microflora in different geographic locations, also can impact blood cultures. Thus, blood cultures obtained in practice may not always accurately define the presence or absence of, or specific organisms causing, bacteraemia in horses and foals with suspected sepsis. Erroneous blood culture results can lead to inappropriate antimicrobial use, which can result in poor outcomes for individual patients and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in the patient's microflora and the environmental microcosm. This review summarises current indications and methodology, and specific factors that may be optimised, for equine blood culture, with particular focus on available literature from neonatal foals with suspected bacterial sepsis. To standardise and optimise blood culture techniques in horses and foals, future research in this area should be aimed at determining the optimal volume of blood that should be collected for culture, and the ideal site, timing, and frequency of sample collection.

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Neonatal sepsis in dogs: Incidence, clinical aspects and mortality

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Hypoglycaemia management with a hypercaloric supplementation in neonatal puppies delivered by caesarean section

Hypoglycaemia management with a hypercaloric supplementation in neonatal puppies delivered by caesarean section

Neonatal hypoglycemia in dogs—pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

Equine blood cultures: Can we do better?

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