Neonatal septicaemia among inborn and outborn babies in a referral hospital

Mondal, Gurudas; Raghavan, Maya; Bhat, B. Vishnu; Srinivasan, Shankar

doi:10.1007/bf02750936

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Similar reports have been made from other centers in Nigeria [13][14][15]. Staphylococcus aureus was the third commonest organism isolated among inborns in a study from India, next to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae [12]. It has been shown that horizontal transmission from mothers is probably the major source of Staphylococcus aureus to neonates [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In developing countries, there is a wide variation in the incidence of NNS, ranging from 5.6/1,000 live births in a hospital-based study in Pakistan [11], 15.5 in a hospital in India [12], to 54.9/1,000 live births in Nigeria [13], which has been attributed to factors such as socioeconomic structure, perinatal practices, as well as a lack of infection control practices and good antibiotic protocols. The persistently low NNS rates from developed countries are mainly due to good infection control practices, including rational use of antibiotics [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Akindolire

Tongo

Dada-Adegbola

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Neonatal septicemia remains a major cause of newborn deaths in developing countries. Its burden is further compounded by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which is related to a lack of antibiotic protocols resulting in unrestricted use of antibiotics. The absence of reliable antibiotic sensitivity testing makes the formulation of antibiotic guidelines and judicious use of antibiotics difficult. This study sought to identify the current bacterial agents associated with early onset septicemia (EOS; age <72 hours) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 202 inborn and outborn neonates with risk factors for or clinical features of septicemia in the first 72 hours of life had samples for blood cultures and antibiotic sensitivity patterns taken prior to treatment. Results: Of the subjects, 95 (47.0%) were inborn and 107 (53.0%) outborn, with a M:F ratio of 1.3:1; 12.5% were culture positive, and the prevalence of EOS was 8.8/1,000 live births. The isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (52%), 30.7% of which were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8%), Enterococcus spp. (8%), Eschericia coli (4%), and other Gram-negatives (12%). All the isolates except Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin, gentamicin, and third-generation cephalosporins. All MRSA were sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, while all methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest cause of EOS in our setting, with 30.7% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates being MRSA. Only MRSA demonstrated multidrug resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Akindolire

Tongo

Dada-Adegbola

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…This finding is comparable with other reports. 15,16 A negative blood culture does not exclude sepsis and could be due to anaerobes. 17 In this study the predominant isolates was S. aureus which is in agreement with other reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological Profile of Blood Culture Positive Sepsis in Newborn at BPKIHS, Dharan Nepal

Kanodia

Yadav

Singh

et al. 2017

J Coll Med Sci-Nepal

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Background & Objectives:Neonatal infections cur r ently cause about 1.6 million deaths annually in developing countries. Sepsis and meningitis is responsible for most of these deaths. This study was undertaken to determine the bacteriological profiles and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolates from blood cultures of neonates admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Nepal. Materials & Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at pediatric department from January, 2014 to December 2014. Total 1009 newborns blood sample with suspected and clinical sepsis were cultured by using standard microbiological technique and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were studied. Results:The positive blood cultur e was 32.4% (327/1009). Gr am positive bacteria were more common 231(71%) than gram negative bacteria 96(29%). Staphylococcus aureus 174 (53.2%) and acinetobacter 46(14.1%) were the commonest isolates in blood culture. Most of the organisms showed sensitivity with aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin) and third generation cephalosporins. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella species remain the principal organisms causing neonatal sepsis and antibiotics like amino glycosides should be first choice of drugs.

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“…The decrease in incidence of septicaemia in developed countries may be due to proper sanitation which has successfully diminished the infection in more affluent regions of the world. Most clinical bacteriologists failed to report polymicrobial sepsis because of misconception of contamination, ignorance of its significance or disregard for the second organism in an already positive culture (Sharma et al, 1987;Mathur et al, 1994;Mondal et al, 1991). However, there is a need to correlate the occurrence of polymicrobial sepsis with clinical outcome in septicaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of bacterial Septicaemia in Ile-Ife Metropolis, Nigeria

Komolafe¹,

Adegoke²

2008

MJM

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A retrospective study of septicaemia was conducted in Ile-Ife metropolis with a view to determine its incidence and changes in the predominant aetiological agents. Six hundred and fifty (650) subjects, aged from one day to seventy years and above were examined. They all had clinical features suggestive of septicaemia and were on admission at the Obafemi Awolowo University hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Their blood specimens were seeded into thioglycolate and glucose broths and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. Subcultures were performed after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days respectively. Growth (positivity) in the broths was assessed using conventional diagnostic methods namely macroscopy (visualization), Gram filming (microscopy) and culture. The bacterial isolates harvested were subjected to in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests using the disc diffusion method. Etiology was established in 204 out of 650 subjects indicating an incidence of 31.4%. This difference in prevalence among different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The males (112/650, 17.2%) appeared to be more susceptible to septicaemia than the females (94/650, 14.5%) in all the age groups. This variation had no statistical significance (P > 0.01). Monomicrobial septicaemia had a higher prevalence (92.2%) than polymicrobial septicaemia (7.8%). Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli constituted 43.8%. Most of the offensive microbes were facultative anaerobes (91.7%) while very few were strict aerobes (6.8%) and strict anaerobes (1.5%). The isolated anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus sp. (0.5%) and Bacteroides fragilis (1%). The in vitro susceptibility of the bacterial isolates to antibiotics indicated 76.4-95.6% sensitivity to vancomycin, zinnat, peflacin and fortum. However, they were 60 -90% resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline and septrin. This study confirmed the diverse nature of bacterial etiologies of septicaemia in the area; the need for the use of thioglycolate broths, first subcultures on or before 24 h instead of starting off for after 48 h of incubation, complementary application of macroscopy, Gram filming and culture including antibiotic susceptibility test as an integral part of diagnosis and management of septicaemia is hereby advocated, most especially in the developing countries of the world.

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Neonatal septicaemia among inborn and outborn babies in a referral hospital

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Etiology of early onset septicemia among neonates at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Bacteriological Profile of Blood Culture Positive Sepsis in Newborn at BPKIHS, Dharan Nepal

Incidence of bacterial Septicaemia in Ile-Ife Metropolis, Nigeria

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