Neonatal streptococcal infections

Parker, M. T.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.53.624.598

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…agalactiae (GBS) were the predominant species of bacteria isolated. These species are usually associated with severe infections of neonates, particularly premature babies (Reid, 1975; Parker, 1977). The early colonization of the umbilicus by these species indicates that they were acquired at or before birth from the birth canals of their mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of bacterial flora of premature neonates

Rotimi¹,

Olowe

Ahmed

1985

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe sequential acquisition of bacterial flora by premature neonates was studied during a 10 month period. Mean gestational age of the babies was 29-01 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1P728 kg. Escherichia coli and group B streptococci (GBS) colonized the umbilicus of 7 and 6 babies respectively, out of 23 studied, on the first day of life. E. coli and staphylococci were the predominant flora on the 6th day and they colonized 12 and 13 respectively. The oral flora was predominantly Gram-positive cocci, mainly Streptoccocus salivarius which was isolated from 17 out of 22 babies on the 6th day, viridians streptococci were isolated from 14 babies, Staphylococcus albus from 16 babies and group D streptococci from 11 babies. Candida spp. also colonized the oral cavities of 17 out of 22 babies on the 6th day. At the end of the first week of life, the faecal flora was predominantly anaerobic represented by Bifidobacterium spp., Bacterioides spp. and Clostridium spp. The commonest facultative faecal flora were E. coli, which was isolated from all the babies, and Strept. faecalis isolated from 20 babies. Early gut colonization by GBS, Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. was noticed in more babies delivered vaginally than by caesarean section where colonization by these bacteria was relatively delayed. The use of prophylactic penicillin plus gentamicin in the special neonatal unit probably prevented systemic spread of any of the potential opportunistic pathogens during the study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of bacterial flora of premature neonates

Rotimi¹,

Olowe

Ahmed

1985

J. Hyg.

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“…However, in the nine cases of neonatal S. bovis infection that reported biotyping, all were caused by S. bovis biotype II (5,13,19; this work) (Table 1).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Streptococcus bovis Variant (Biotype II/2): Report of a Case and Review

et al. 2003

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Streptococcus bovis is an uncommon cause of infection in neonates. However, S. bovis is capable of causing fulminant neonatal sepsis or meningitis that is indistinguishable clinically from that caused by group B streptococcus. S. bovis and S. bovis variant (sometimes referred to as S. bovis biotypes I and II, respectively) are phenotypically similar but may be differentiated by expanded testing. In adults, specific associations between disease states and different biotypes of S. bovis are apparent. No data exist on possible differences or clinical relevance of neonatal infection caused by different biotypes or newer species of S. bovis. We report a 3-day-old neonate with bacteremia and meningitis caused by S. bovis variant (S. bovis biotype II/2) and review the literature.

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“…This same trend was reflected in North America with a paucity of cases in the 1930-1950s [25,26] , reports of other infections causing neonatal disease, but not GBS [25,[27][28][29][30][31][32] , and then a trickle of reports in the 1960s, rising markedly in the 1970s [8,[32][33][34][35][36][37] . The reporting of disease in North America appears to precede reporting in the UK by a few years.…”

Section: Pubmed and Internet Searchesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Parker [8] summarised the worldwide reported cases of neonatal GBS sepsis from this point until 1968, which coincides with the first report of GBS meningitis [9] . In the Parker report, there were only 3 cases of infant GBS septicaemia between 1937 and 1957, all from North America, and then 82 cases of infant septicaemia or meningitis between 1958 and 1968 from North America or Europe, but excluding the UK.…”

Section: Pubmed and Internet Searchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cow’s Milk and the Emergence of Group B Streptococcal Disease in Newborn Babies

et al. 2011

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Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), the most significant cause of neonatal bacterial sepsis, is thought to have emerged in the 1960s. GBS also causes mastitis in cows, and there is indirect evidence that human GBS is derived from a bovine ancestor. Objective: A major change in the collection of milk from farms, using bulk tanks rather than churns, occurred in the 1960s. We sought to define the temporal relationship between this change in farming and the emergence of GBS neonatal disease. Methods: We searched PubMed for reports of GBS disease from 1930 until 1980 to more exactly determine the time of emergence of neonatal infection and supported this data with UK hospital admission statistics for GBS infections. We identified the dates of the change from churns to bulk tanks by searching the internet and books for information on the history of milk transportation, farming and milk collection in the UK. Results: There are no PubMed reports of neonatal GBS disease between 1930 and 1950, and reports from the UK only emerged in the mid-1960s, confirming the notion that GBS neonatal infection was a newly emergent disease in the 1960s. No national data on hospital admissions are available around this time, but the Oxford Record Linkage Study, with admission data available for Oxford from 1968, showed no cases of neonatal disease until 1974. Cow’s milk collection in the UK switched to bulk tank between 1960 and 1979, and publications relating to GBS disease emerged soon after. Conclusions: There is a temporal relationship between the emergence of neonatal GBS disease reports in the UK in the 1960s and a change in cow’s milk collection. This finding may be a temporal coincidence or may add support to the notion that human GBS was historically derived from a bovine ancestor.

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Neonatal streptococcal infections

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

The development of bacterial flora of premature neonates

The development of bacterial flora of premature neonates

Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Streptococcus bovis Variant (Biotype II/2): Report of a Case and Review

Cow’s Milk and the Emergence of Group B Streptococcal Disease in Newborn Babies

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