Neonatal viability evaluation by Apgar score in puppies delivered by cesarean section in two brachycephalic breeds (English and French bulldog)

Batista, M.; Moreno, Carlos Alfonso Castro; Vilar, Jose M. G.; Golding, Michael C.; Brito, Carla Andrea de; Santana, M; Alamo, D

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.03.003

Cited by 53 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…All live-born puppies from the SVD group (56/57) survived their first 24 h after birth, so the total percentage of mortality of puppies from both groups within the first 24 h is 2.3% (2/88). This finding is lower than the 5.4% (9/166) of dead puppies within 24 h of birth reported in the study of Veronesi et al (2009), and also lower than the rate of 11.8% (18/152) in the study by Munnich and Kuchenmeister (2014) but higher than the rate of 0.66% of puppies in the study by Batista et al (2014). The overall survival rates at 24 h after birth (86/94 = 91.5% overall; 30/37 = 81.1% in C-section group) were in agreement with the survival rate (94.6% overall; 87% in C-section group) reported by Veronesi et al (2009).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Puppy Apgar scores after vaginal delivery and caesarean section

Titkova¹,

Fialkovicova²,

Karasová³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate the vital signs of newborn puppies using the modified Apgar score after spontaneous delivery and caesarean section. The survival of puppies was monitored for up to 24 hours after birth. The experiment consisted of ten deliveries of bitches with dystocia terminated by caesarean section (C-section group) and ten bitches with spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD group). Vital signs of neonates were evaluated using a modified method of the Apgar score 5, 10 and 15 min after birth. Five evaluation criteria (colour of mucous membranes, reflex irritability, motility, heart rate and respiration) were used with puppies classified into three scoring groups: "severe distress" (0-3 points), "moderate distress" (4-6 points) and "no distress" (7-10 points). In the SVD group, 57 puppies were evaluated; 98.2% of puppies were born alive, all survived their first 24 hours of life. At the time of birth, 1.8% of puppies were dead (1/57). The Apgar scores of all foetuses were in the "no distress" category. In the C-section group (n = 37), 13.5% of puppies (5/37) were stillborn, two puppies (6.3%) died within 24 hours of delivery. The "no distress" group included 51.4% (19/37) of puppies, while 5.4% (2/37) of puppies were classified into "moderate distress" and 43.2% of puppies (16/37; P < 0.001 at 5 min, P < 0.005 at 10 min and P < 0.005 at 15 min after delivery) were classified into "severe distress". These results confirm the influence of type of delivery on the Apgar score immediately after parturition and on the short-term survival rate of puppies after parturition.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Puppy Apgar scores after vaginal delivery and caesarean section

Titkova¹,

Fialkovicova²,

Karasová³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med.

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“…Recently, Batista et al. () used the same Apgar score proposed by Veronesi et al. (), with some modifications adapted to two brachycephalic dog breeds (English and French Bulldog) for the clinical evaluation of puppies born by caesarean section.…”

Section: The Apgar Score Systems In Canine Neonatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() and Batista et al. () also recorded the first measurement at 5 min after birth and reassessed the puppies at 15 min and 60 min after birth (Doebeli et al. ), or 60 min after birth (Batista et al., ).…”

Section: Timetable For Apgar Score Measurement In Caninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() also recorded the first measurement at 5 min after birth and reassessed the puppies at 15 min and 60 min after birth (Doebeli et al. ), or 60 min after birth (Batista et al., ). Other authors (Lucio et al., ; Silva et al., ; Vassalo et al., ) measured the initial Apgar score at birth, with a second measurement at 5 min after birth (Lucio et al., ; Silva et al., ), and a third measurement at 60 min after delivery (Lucio et al., ; Silva et al., ; Vassalo et al., ) during a normal parturition, after obstetrical assistance or a caesarean section, and on puppies born following the oxytocin administration (Silva et al., ).…”

Section: Timetable For Apgar Score Measurement In Caninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() used the limit of Apgar score <6, and Batista et al. () used the Apgar score <5 to initiate protocols of intensive care and neonatal resuscitation. Although the survival rate after neonatal assistance was higher for newborns classified in the intermediate class of viability as compared to the lowest class, the overall survival after assistance was 43%–91% of the severely depressed/critical neonates, and 88%–100% of the moderately depressed/moderate vitality newborns (Table ).…”

Section: Neonatal Viability Clinical Management and Survival Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of canine neonatal viability—the Apgar score

Veronesi

2016

Reprod Domestic Animals

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ContentsPerinatal mortality is relatively high in dogs, with deaths peaking around the time of birth and during the first week of age. Among the several causes of canine perinatal mortality, whelping is the greatest cause. Therefore, early neonatal assistance at birth should be mandatory with dogs. In comparison with human neonatology, knowledge and technological ability in canine neonatology is tremendously scarce. The Apgar score for the newborn viability assessment at birth represents a feasible method for the prompt recognition of newborns that will need special assistance immediately after birth. The five parameters of the Apgar score were adapted to the canine species by different studies. Advantages and limits, as well as clinical applications, are presented and discussed in further detail. It was concluded that the Apgar score represents the easiest and simplest, non-invasive and reliable method, that could be performed under every clinical and practical condition, for newborn puppies viability evaluations and short-term survival prognosis.

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Both spontaneous vaginal delivery and elective caesarean section influence neonatal redox status in dogs

et al. 2021

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Background:The influence of birth mode on redox balance is unknown in dogs. We aimed to compare antioxidant activity and oxidative stress of puppies born by elective c-section or vaginal delivery. Methods: Twenty-one bitches were elected for spontaneous vaginal delivery (n = 10) and elective cesarean section (n = 11) groups, considering only the first and last puppies born. Neonatal oxygen saturation, lactatemia, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity; marker of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and protein oxidation were analysed at birth, 1 h, 12 h, 24 h and 72 h. Results: C-section newborns had lower oximetry at birth and 1 h. Lactatemia was higher in the last vaginal delivery puppies and higher at birth, and 1 h. Regardless of birth mode, last puppies had hyperlactatemia at birth. Vaginal delivery puppies had higher TBARS, while protein oxidation was higher in csection, mostly in last puppies. C-section puppies had higher GPx activity, whereas GSH concentration decreased overtime. Surgically born puppies had lowering SOD between 12 h and 72 h. Conclusions: Vaginal delivery enhances lipid peroxidation, counteracted mostly by GPx. Conversely, c-section triggers protein oxidation, acutely scavenged by SOD and GSH, thus puppies are less exposed to the negative consequences of oxidative stress.

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Neonatal viability evaluation by Apgar score in puppies delivered by cesarean section in two brachycephalic breeds (English and French bulldog)

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Puppy Apgar scores after vaginal delivery and caesarean section

Puppy Apgar scores after vaginal delivery and caesarean section

Assessment of canine neonatal viability—the Apgar score

Both spontaneous vaginal delivery and elective caesarean section influence neonatal redox status in dogs

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