Neonatal vitamin D status and myopia in young adult men

Specht, Ina Olmer; Jacobsen, Nina; Frederiksen, Peder; Heitmann, Berit Lilienthal

doi:10.1111/aos.14349

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, a retrospective study in the United Kingdom in 2009 indicated that individuals born in summer or autumn were more likely to be highly myopic than those born in winter 22 . Seasonal variation in myopia risk was not observed in a recent case-control study focusing on neonatal 25-hyrdroxyvitamin D 3 levels 23 . Given that interstudy comparisons are difficult, many potential confounders, including parental education and uneven distribution of birth season, must be considered when accounting for the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Ethnic Disparities in Risk Factors for Myopia among Han and Minority Schoolchildren in Shawan, Xinjiang, China

Shi¹,

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Optom Vis Sci

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SIGNIFICANCE:The ethnic differences in myopia rates, ocular dimensions, and risk factors between Han and non-Han schoolchildren observed in this study may help fill the knowledge gap about ethnic minorities and are important for China and other countries to address vision-related health inequalities among different ethnic groups.PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of juvenile myopia and elucidate the disparities of risk factors among Han and non-Han school students in Xinjiang, China.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study of 876 schoolchildren from grades 1 to 9 was conducted in the Anjihai Middle School in Shawan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Visual acuity and ocular biometry were assessed, and personal information, including behavior, birth status, and familial factors, was collected using self-made standardized questionnaires. RESULTS:The myopia rate among students of Han ethnicity (50.5%) was the highest, followed by Hui (41.3%) and Uygur et al. (32.0%, P < .001). Similar patterns were observed for mean axial length. The mean axial lengths are 23.7, 23.4, and 23.3 mm, respectively (P = .01). Overall, performing high-quality eye exercises, longer sleep duration, being born in summer, parental smoking, and consuming more food containing anthocyanins were all associated with a lower incidence of myopia. Meanwhile, Han ethnicity, intensive near task, bad eye habits, and myopic mothers were associated with higher odds of myopia. After adjusting for environmental influences pertaining to myopia, the variation in myopia prevalence between Han and Uygur et al. remained significant, whereas it changed to not significant between Han and Hui ethnicities.CONCLUSIONS: Significant disparities were found in the prevalence of myopia among various ethnic groups in Shawan, Xinjiang. Life habits, birth status, and familial factors may contribute to such variance and play different roles in the occurrence of juvenile myopia among various ethnicities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…22 Seasonal variation in myopia risk was not observed in a recent case-control study focusing on neonatal 25-hyrdroxyvitamin D 3 levels. 23 Given that interstudy comparisons are difficult, many potential confounders, including parental education and uneven distribution of birth season, must be considered when accounting for the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Disparities in Risk Factors for Myopia among Han and Minority Schoolchildren in Shawan, Xinjiang, China

Shi¹,

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Optom Vis Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, neonatal vitamin D deficiency was not found to be associated with higher prevalence of myopia at 19 years of age. 22 By analyzing Raine Study Generation 2 cohort with 1260 participants, Lingham et.al. found myopia at 17 and 20 years old was associated with lower vitamin D concentration at 20 years, and not at a younger age (6, 14 years old).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between vitamin D and myopia in adolescents and young adults: Evidence of national cross-sectional study

Zhang

Yang

Dong

et al. 2023

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose Studies have indicated that the observed association between vitamin D and myopia was confounded by time spent outdoors. This study aimed to elucidate this association using a national cross-sectional dataset. Methods Participants with 12 to 25 years who participated in non-cycloplegic vision exam from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2008 were included in the present study. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of any eyes ≤ −0.5 diopters (D). Results 7,657 participants were included. The weighted proportion of emmetropes, mild myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia were 45.5%, 39.1%, 11.6%, and 3.8%, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, TV/computer usage, and stratified by education attainment, every 10 nmol/L increment of serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a reduced risk of myopia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93–0.99 for any myopia; OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.93–1.00 for mild myopia; OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.97–1.01 for moderate myopia; OR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.84–0.95 for high myopia). Serum 25(OH)D level was closely correlated with time spent outdoors. After categorizing time spent outdoors into quarters (low, low-medium, medium-high, and high), every 1 quarter increment of time spent outdoors was associated with 2.49 nmol/L higher serum 25(OH)D concentration. After adjusting for time spent outdoors, serum 25(OH)D level did not show significant association with myopia (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 0.94–1.06 for 10 nmol/L increment). Conclusions The association between high serum vitamin D and reduced risk of myopia is confounded by longer time spent outdoors. Evidence from the present study does not support that there is a direct association between serum vitamin D level with myopia.

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“…While the above studies did show a possible correlation, Specht., et al [12] attempted to correlate Vitamin D levels of neonates with the development of myopia in young adulthood, in a case control study. Their results did not support the existence of a correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Vitamin D Levels in Children with Progressive Myopia

Murthy¹,

Raghu²

2021

Act Sci Oph

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Background:The increasing prevalence of myopia in children today deserves more exploration into the causes and possible modifiable factors. With the growing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in India, and its effect on numerous body systems, we attempted to find a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and progressive myopia.Aim: To analyse the vitamin D levels in children with progressive myopia.Methods: This is a pilot study. Children with progressive myopia on treatment with low dose atropine showing progression (> 0.5D increase in last 6 months) were included to be a part of the study. Few of these children showed progression despite being on low dose atropine which prompted us to search further. Serum levels of vitamin D3 levels were ordered and analyzed.Results: Total of 20 children, 9 boys and 11 girls, were included, all in the age group of 11 to 17 years. Low dose atropine eye drops were being used for more than a year in 17 children and rest for past 5 months. Serum vitamin D 3 levels were noted to be deficient (< 20 ng/ml) in 15 patients and insufficient (20 -30 ng/ml) in 3 cases. Only 2 patients were noted to have normal levels above 30 ng/ml. Conclusion:Our pilot study throws light on possibly using vitamin D 3 levels in our protocols in treating children with progressive myopia.

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Neonatal vitamin D status and myopia in young adult men

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Ethnic Disparities in Risk Factors for Myopia among Han and Minority Schoolchildren in Shawan, Xinjiang, China

Ethnic Disparities in Risk Factors for Myopia among Han and Minority Schoolchildren in Shawan, Xinjiang, China

Association between vitamin D and myopia in adolescents and young adults: Evidence of national cross-sectional study

Analysis of Vitamin D Levels in Children with Progressive Myopia

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