Neonates Born to Mothers With Preeclampsia Exhibit Sex-Specific Alterations in Microvascular Function

Stark, Michael J.; Clifton, Vicki L.; Wright, Ian

doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e318193edf1

Cited by 76 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies of preterm infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension treated with antihypertensive medications, including MgSO 4 , have also reported reduced cFTOE in the first 24 h of life (18). The generalization of this latter study to preterm infants of normotensive mothers, however, is limited, given that pregnancy induced hypertension results in alterations in placental blood flow (22), and both fetal and neonatal circulations (23,24). For instance, CBF may be greater in infants with evidence of brain-sparing in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy induced hypertension as a result of changes in fetal cerebral vascular resistance (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment for neonatal neuro-protection on cerebral oxygen kinetics

2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment for neonatal neuro-protection on cerebral oxygen kinetics

2015

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“…This increase in prosurvival factors might confer further protection against stress conditions, and might play a key role in sex differences in fetal outcomes. It was previously shown that under similar conditions, female fetuses make multiple adaptations in placental gene and protein expression in response to intrauterine adversity, such as maternal asthma, preeclampsia 44,45 and maternal stress, 46 while male fetuses show fewer signs of adaptation. 47 Our study, however, revealed that male fetuses did respond to maternal obesity with placental autophagy though with a disrupted autophagic flux as indicated by inhibited autolysosomal protein degradation and lysosomal biogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in activation of placental autophagy in obese women with evidence for fetal programming from a placenta-specific mouse model

et al. 2016

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(2016) Sexual dimorphism in activation of placental autophagy in obese women with evidence for fetal programming from a placenta-specific mouse model, Autophagy, 12:5, 752-769, DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016 ABSTRACTThe incidence of maternal obesity and its co-morbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease) continues to increase at an alarming rate, with major public health implications. In utero exposure to maternal obesity has been associated with development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring as a result of developmental programming. The placenta regulates maternal-fetal metabolism and shows significant changes in its function with maternal obesity. Autophagy is a cell-survival process, which is responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. Here we show an activation of autophagosomal formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion in placentas of males but not females from overweight (OW) and obese (OB) women vs. normal weight (NW) women. However, total autophagic activity in these placentas appeared to be decreased as it showed an increase in SQSTM1/p62 and a decrease in lysosomal biogenesis. A mouse model with a targeted deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 in placental tissue showed significant placental abnormalities comparable to those seen in human placenta with maternal obesity. These included a decrease in expression of mitochondrial genes and antioxidants, and decreased lysosomal biogenesis. Strikingly, the knockout mice were developmentally programmed as they showed an increased sensitivity to high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased adiposity, and cardiac remodeling. In summary, our results indicate a sexual dimorphism in placental autophagy in response to maternal obesity. We also show that autophagy plays an important role in placental function and that inhibition of placental autophagy programs the offspring to obesity, and to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

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“…The following variables were collected from hospital records: sex, 16,17 gestational age, 18 maternal hypertension during pregnancy, 17 gestational diabetes, 19 and mode of delivery. 20 Assisted pregnancy and parity were also considered potentially important, as was blood pressure of the infant.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Growth During Infancy on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation at the Age of 6 Months

Touwslager

Gerver

Tan³

et al. 2012

Hypertension

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Low birth weight and accelerated infant growth are associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a precursor of atherosclerosis and is also related to infant growth. We aimed to examine whether an association between infant growth and endothelial function is already present during discrete periods of growth during the first 6 months of life in healthy term infants. A cohort of 104 newborns was studied in the first week after birth and reexamined at the age of 6 months. Maximum vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine (endothelium dependent) and nitroprusside (endothelium independent) was measured in the vasculature of the forearm skin, using laser Doppler flowmetry and iontophoresis. Growth was calculated as difference in Z scores for weight, length, weight-for-length, and head circumference. Multivariable multilevel linear regression was used for the analysis. Growth from 0 to 1 month (calculated as difference in weight) was the only window in the first 6 months of life that was significantly and inversely associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation at 6 months ( b =−11.72 perfusion units per Z score, P =0.01 in multivariable analysis). Birth size was not important when considered simultaneously with infant growth. Maximum endothelium-independent vasodilatation was not associated with birth size or growth parameters. We conclude that growth in the first month of life is inversely associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation at the age of 6 months in healthy term infants, regardless of birth size.

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Neonates Born to Mothers With Preeclampsia Exhibit Sex-Specific Alterations in Microvascular Function

Cited by 76 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment for neonatal neuro-protection on cerebral oxygen kinetics

Effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment for neonatal neuro-protection on cerebral oxygen kinetics

Sexual dimorphism in activation of placental autophagy in obese women with evidence for fetal programming from a placenta-specific mouse model

Influence of Growth During Infancy on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation at the Age of 6 Months

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