Neonicotinoid-contaminated pollinator strips adjacent to cropland reduce honey bee nutritional status

Mogren, Christina L.; Lundgren, Jonathan G.

doi:10.1038/srep29608

Cited by 109 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Mogren and Lundgren (2016) assessed neonicotinoid concentrations in the nectar of five wild flower species sown as part of pollinator conservation measures which were located adjacent to neonicotinoid-treated maize. This was achieved by collecting honeybees seen to visit these flowers for nectar and extracting the contents of their crop for neonicotinoid residue analysis.…”

Section: Evidence For Exposure To Neonicotinoid Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Wood

Goulson

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

475

237

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Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use has grown rapidly. They are now the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with the majority of applications coming from seed dressings. Neonicotinoids are water-soluble, and so can be taken up by a developing plant and can be found inside vascular tissues and foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects. However, only approximately 5% of the neonicotinoid active ingredient is taken up by crop plants and most instead disperses into the wider environment. Since the mid-2000s, several studies raised concerns that neonicotinoids may be having a negative effect on non-target organisms, in particular on honeybees and bumblebees. In response to these studies, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was commissioned to produce risk assessments for the use of clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and their impact on bees. These risk assessments concluded that the use of these compounds on certain flowering crops poses a high risk to bees. On the basis of these findings, the European Union adopted a partial ban on these substances in May 2013. The purpose of the present paper is to collate and summarise scientific evidence published since 2013 that investigates the impact of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms. Whilst much of the recent work has focused on the impact of neonicotinoids on bees, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that persistent, low levels of neonicotinoids can have negative impacts on a wide range of free-living organisms.

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Section: Evidence For Exposure To Neonicotinoid Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Wood

Goulson

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

475

237

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The data confirms that nectar concentrations of some neonicotinoids were low in this study, likely due, in part, to the small quantities of nectar available for analysis. Previous studies have found that concentrations of neonicotinoids in nectar are often (but not always) lower than those found in pollen Mogren & Lundgren 2016).…”

Section: Pesticides Residue In Pollen and Nectarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ornamental plants on sale to the public are a significant source of pesticide residues with implications for the health of pollinating insects

Lentola

David

Abdul‐Sada

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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Garden centres frequently market nectar-and pollen-rich ornamental plants as "pollinator-friendly", however these plants are often treated with pesticides during their production. There is little information on the nature of pesticide residues present at the point of purchase and whether these plants may actually pose a threat to, rather than benefit, the health of pollinating insects. Using mass spectrometry analyses, this study screened leaves from 29 different 'bee-friendly' plants for 8 insecticides and 16 fungicides commonly used in ornamental production. Only two plants (a Narcissus and a Salvia variety) did not contain any pesticide and 23 plants contained more than one pesticide, with some species containing mixtures of 7 (Ageratum houstonianum) and 10 (Erica carnea) different agrochemicals. Neonicotinoid insecticides were detected in more than 70% of the analysed plants, and chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid insecticides were found in 10% and 7% of plants respectively. Boscalid, spiroxamine and DMI-fungicides were detected in 40% of plants. Pollen samples collected from 18 different plants contained a total of 13 different pesticides. Systemic compounds were detected in pollen samples at similar concentrations to those in leaves. However, some contact (chlorpyrifos) and localised penetrant pesticides (iprodione, pyroclastrobin and prochloraz) were also detected in pollen, likely arising from direct contamination during spraying. The neonicotinoids thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid and the organophosphate chlorpyrifos were present in pollen at concentrations between 6.9 and 81 ng/g and at levels that overlap with those known to cause harm to bees. The net effect on pollinators of buying plants that are a rich source of forage for them but simultaneously risk exposing them to a cocktail of pesticides is not clear. Gardeners who wish to gain the benefits without the risks should seek uncontaminated plants by growing their own from seed, plant-swapping or by buying plants from an organic nursery. Capsule summarising main findings (requested by journal)Many plants that might be bought by gardeners as "bee-friendly" contain multiple pesticides, including neonicotinoid insecticides, at levels likely to be harmful to bees.Introduction.

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“…Growing evidence for their toxic impacts on bee populations range from reduced queen production [73], disorientation [76], reduced immunity [77], and mortality [76,78]. Though much of the research on the effect of neonics has focused on honeybees, evidence has also shown that such pesticides are also harmful to wild bee populations [79].…”

Section: Searching For a Smoking Gun For Pollinator Declinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

5 Key Challenges and Solutions for Governing Complex Adaptive (Food) Systems

et al. 2017

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Abstract:There is increasing recognition in academic circles of the importance of adaptive governance for the sustainability of social-ecological systems, but little examination of specific implications for the 34% of land-use where human activities are pervasive but potentially commensurate with functioning ecosystems: agricultural production systems. In this paper, we argue for the need to view food systems and agro-ecosystems as multi-scalar complex adaptive systems and identify five key challenging characteristics of such systems: multi-causality; cumulative impacts; regime shifts; teleconnections and mismatch of scales. These characteristics are necessary features of multi-scalar adaptive systems, and apply equally to social and natural subsystems. We discuss the implications of these characteristics for agricultural production systems and consider how governance can rise to these challenges. We present five case studies that highlight these issues: pollinator declines; payments for ecosystem services; pest control and pesticide resistance; downstream aquatic systems in Tasman Bay, New Zealand; and riparian buffers in Puget Sound, USA. From these case studies we derive recommendations for managing agricultural systems, both specific and general. Ultimately, adaptive governance of agro-ecosystems will likely hinge upon three paradigm shifts: viewing farmers and ranchers not only as food producers but also as land and water managers; seeking not yield maximization but rather resilient management of food ecosystems; and critically, as it transcends the production-system literature, engaging broad audiences not only as consumers but also citizens.

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Neonicotinoid-contaminated pollinator strips adjacent to cropland reduce honey bee nutritional status

Cited by 109 publications

References 50 publications

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

The environmental risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post 2013

Ornamental plants on sale to the public are a significant source of pesticide residues with implications for the health of pollinating insects

5 Key Challenges and Solutions for Governing Complex Adaptive (Food) Systems

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