Neonicotinoids in groundwater: presence and fate in two distinct hydrogeologic settings in Ontario, Canada

Abstract

In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Applied

Food, Beverage, and Feedstock Processing Facility Wastewater: a Unique and Underappreciated Source of Contaminants to U.S. Streams

“…Neonicotinoid-treated beet sugar seeds are typically grown in Europe and the United States, and as the seeds germinate, the active substance is systematically taken up by the roots and distributed to the plant, − as such, the likely source of clothianidin to the facility. There is currently a lack of data on TMG occurrence in water resources; however, the parent compound clothianidin has been frequently detected in the environment. ,, Clothianidin has been reported to transform during chlorination of drinking water; however, chlorination was not part of the wastewater treatment system for FRTVG-4. Clothianidin was previously found to persist during wastewater treatment and is episodically discharged from the wastewater effluent. , …”

“…There is currently a lack of data on TMG occurrence in water resources; however, the parent compound clothianidin has been frequently detected in the environment. 37,101,102 Clothianidin has been reported to transform during chlorination of drinking water; 103 however, chlorination was not part of the wastewater treatment system for FRTVG-4. Clothianidin was previously found to persist during wastewater treatment and is episodically discharged from the wastewater effluent.…”

Toxic and Environmental Effects of Neonicotinoid Based Insecticides

“…Studies show that exposure to neonicotinoids results in immunosuppression, hormone disruption, reduced intelligence, reproductive distortion, and cancer [32]. Studies show that imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and high levels of thiamethoxam were detected mainly in the winter and fall, as these chemicals can be immobile in dry soil [33]. To understand how neonicotinoids reach groundwater, it is important to know about the coefficients used to evaluate pesticide sorption in soil.…”

Suitability study of Ag nanosheet SERS substrates as a screening method for imidacloprid after QuEChERS extraction

“…1,2 Since the 1990's, neonicotinoid pesticides, compounds derived from nicotine, have become some of the most widely used insecticides worldwide due to their systemic action, ease of use, and broad spectrum of action. [3][4][5] Imidacloprid is the pesticide that has experienced the most significant growth, positioning itself among the most used pesticides in the world. 6 These pesticides act as agonists of the nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), located in the central nervous system of insects, preventing them from carrying out neuronal synapses.…”