Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949 from Brazil: description of a new species and a review of records (Haplosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera)

Abstract

The genus Neopetrosia was characterized by has fine brushes of oxeas issued from subectosomal tracts and compact choanosomal network. We report and describe here specimens collected in the coast of Brazil: Neopetrosia sulcata sp. nov. and Neopetrosia proxima. The first was previously recorded from Brazil as Neopetrosia proxima, but it was found that these specimens corresponded to a new species. Thus, we provide here the characterization of N. proxima from Brazilian coast. A taxonomic study of Brazilian samples is given, including description, illustrations and geographic distribution, combined with the comparison of the new species with all other descriptions of Neopetrosia from Atlantic.

Molecular and morphological congruence of three new crypticNeopetrosiaspp. in the Caribbean

“…Neopetrosia congeners are distributed worldwide and nine are found in the Tropical Western Atlantic. These include Neopetrosia carbonaria Lamarck, 1814, N. subtriangularis Duchassaing De Fonbressin, 1850, N. proxima Duchassaing De Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864, N. rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983, N. dominicana Pulitzer-Finali, 1986, and N. sulcata Santos, Sandes, Cabral & Pinheiro, 2016, which are found in shallow to deep reefs; and N. dutchi Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, N. eurystomata Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, and N. ovata Van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014, which are recently discovered mesophotic reef species. Mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data have been published for eight congeners which deeply diverge from one another and are polyphyletic (Redmond et al, 2011; Thacker et al, 2013; Redmond et al, 2013).…”

“…Among tropical W. Atlantic Neopetrosia , N. proxima is a rather widespread species, distributed from the Bahamas to Northern Brazil and shows considerable habitat and geographical variability (Zea, 1987; Zea, Henkel & Pawlik, 2014). In fact, detailed morphological revision of material previously considered to belong to this species has yielded new species (Santos et al, 2016). In this study, Santos and colleagues distinguished N. sulcata from N. proxima by noticing a digitate morphology, lighter color tones with no differentiation between the ectosome and choanosome.…”

Peer Review #1 of "Molecular and morphological congruence of three new cryptic Neopetrosia spp. in the Caribbean (v0.1)"

“…Among tropical W. Atlantic Neopetrosia, N. proxima is a rather widespread species, distributed from the Bahamas to Northern Brazil and shows considerable habitat and geographical variability (Zea 1987. In fact, detailed morphological revision of material previously considered to belong to this species has yielded new species (Santos et al 2016). In this study, Santos and colleagues distinguished N. sulcata from N. proxima by noticing a digitate morphology, lighter color tones with no differentiation between the ectosome and choanosome.…”

“…Guyana (Van Soest 2017). Brazil: North to North East Regions (Amapa, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe states) (Campos et al 2005, Muricy et al 2011, Santos et al 2016.…”

“…Neopetrosia congeners are distributed worldwide and nine are found in the Tropical Western Atlantic. These include N. carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814), N. subtriangularis (Duchassaing 1850), N. proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), N. rosariensis (Zea & Rützler, 1983), N. dominicana (Pulitzer-Finali 1986), and N. sulcata (Santos et al 2016), which are found in shallow to deep reefs; and N. dutchi (Van Soest et al 2014), N. eurystomata (Van Soest et al 2014), and N. ovata (Van Soest et al 2014), which are recently discovered mesophotic reef species. Mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data have been published for eight congeners which deeply diverge from one another and are polyphyletic (Redmond et al 2011;Thacker et al 2013.…”