Neoplasia and the Heart

Maleszewski, Joseph J.; Bois, Melanie C.; Bois, John P.; Young, Philip; Stulak, John M.; Klarich, Kyle W.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.026

Cited by 114 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…In the case of secondary tumors located in the myocardium, the clinical pattern will be proportional to the degree of myocardial infiltration or in some way related to the wall infiltration site [ 6 ]. Typical presentation includes arrhythmias and conduction disturbances and complete atrioventricular blocks, especially if the conduction system has been infiltrated [ 49 ].The diagnostic evaluation is the same as that for primary cardiac tumors and relies upon echocardiography, CMR imaging, and CT to ascertain the extent of cardiac involvement. However, the method of choice to detect cardiac metastasis and their complications is echocardiography [ 34 ].…”

Section: Secondary Cardiac Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

et al. 2020

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Purpose of Review Cardiac masses frequently present significant diagnostic and therapeutic clinical challenges and encompass a broad set of lesions that can be either neoplastic or non-neoplastic. We sought to provide an overview of cardiac tumors using a cardiac chamber prevalence approach and providing epidemiology, imaging, histopathology, diagnostic workup, treatment, and prognoses of cardiac tumors. Recent Findings Cardiac tumors are rare but remain an important component of cardio-oncology practice. Over the past decade, the advances in imaging techniques have enabled a noninvasive diagnosis in many cases. Indeed, imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography are important tools for diagnosing and characterizing the lesions. Although an epidemiological and multimodality imaging approach is useful, the definite diagnosis requires histologic examination in challenging scenarios, and histopathological characterization remains the diagnostic gold standard. Summary A comprehensive clinical and multimodality imaging evaluation of cardiac tumors is fundamental to obtain a proper differential diagnosis, but histopathology is necessary to reach the final diagnosis and subsequent clinical management.

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Section: Secondary Cardiac Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…Rarely, endocardial deposits can be seen with intracavitary growth and even rarer tumor infiltration of heart valves [8]. Although metastatic disease to the heart is believed to be underestimated, it has been reported to occur between 0.7% and 3.5% in the general population [9]. Post mortem studies have shown cardiac metastases in up to one-fourth of patients who died of malignancy, and leukemic infiltrates of the heart in a third of patients who die of leukemia [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia of the Aortic Valve: A Case Report

Posch¹,

Prince²,

Thompson³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the chronic accumulation of mature B-cell lymphocytes in the bone marrow. CLL accounts for approximately one-quarter of new leukemia cases each year and is the most common leukemia in Western countries. Most notably, this leukemia involves the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver, whereas non-lymphoid tissue is seldom associated with CLL infiltration. A large percentage of patients are asymptomatic at presentation; however, for those who are symptomatic, lymphadenopathy is the most common presenting complaint. This is the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian male with CLL on ibrutinib who presented with chest pressure and worsening shortness of breath. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization, which revealed demonstrable aortic stenosis. His aortic valve was subsequently replaced, and tissue was sent for histochemical analysis. Stains were positive for CD20, BCL2, CD5, and CD23, compatible with the CLL of the valve. To be able to investigate those with a known leukemic disease in patients with valvular disease would be beneficial to clinicians as CLL can present in atypical locations.

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“…Cardiac tumours can be metastatic and spread via haematogenous seeding (e.g., melanoma, lymphoma), lymphatic spread (e.g., breast cancer), venous extension (e.g., renal cancer), or direct extension (e.g., lung cancer) [ 66 ]. Regardless of tumour type, any cardiac mass can have hemodynamic effects depending on the location, by impairing valvular function or obstructing normal blood flow.…”

Section: Cardio-oncology Syndrome Type V (Cos 5): Systemic and Genetic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new classification of cardio-oncology syndromes

et al. 2021

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Increasing evidence suggests a multifaceted relationship exists between cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we introduce a 5-tier classification system to categorize cardio-oncology syndromes (COS) that represent the aspects of the relationship between cancer and CVD. COS Type I is characterized by mechanisms whereby the abrupt onset or progression of cancer can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. COS Type II includes the mechanisms by which cancer therapies can result in acute or chronic CVD. COS Type III is characterized by the pro-oncogenic environment created by the release of cardiokines and high oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular dysfunction. COS Type IV is comprised of CVD therapies and diagnostic procedures which have been associated with promoting or unmasking cancer. COS Type V is characterized by factors causing systemic and genetic predisposition to both CVD and cancer. The development of this framework may allow for an increased facilitation of cancer care while optimizing cardiovascular health through focused treatment targeting the COS type.

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Neoplasia and the Heart

Cited by 114 publications

References 153 publications

Cardiac Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

Cardiac Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia of the Aortic Valve: A Case Report

A new classification of cardio-oncology syndromes

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