Neoplasia in Ferrets

Williams, Bruce H.; Wyre, Nicole R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00008-3

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Although the prevalence of HCCA in ferrets is unknown, it has been proposed to be relatively common. 38,39 In the present study, the prevalence of HCCA was 15%. It was intriguing that hepatic copper concentrations were markedly increased in 3 of 4 ferrets with HCCA (1,797, 8,278, and 11,411 µg/g of DWL).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Hepatic copper accumulates in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease

Richard

Graham

Center

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To determine hepatic copper concentrations and zonal distribution in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease, validate rhodanine-based qualitative copper scoring and digital copper quantification in ferret hepatic samples, and ascertain whether clinical features predicted copper accumulation. ANIMALS 34 ferrets, including 7 with necroinflammatory disease, 5 with hepatocellular carcinoma, 13 with non-necroinflammatory disease, and 9 with no hepatobiliary disease. PROCEDURES Rhodanine-based digital copper quantification was validated by use of liver dually measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and digital scanning (R2 = 0.98). Clinical features and hepatic copper scores and concentrations (dry weight liver) were compared between groups. Zonal copper distribution was determined. RESULTS Hepatic copper concentration was strongly correlated with copper scores (ρ = 0.88). Ferrets with hepatobiliary disease were significantly older and had significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities and creatinine concentrations. Centrilobular copper accumulated in 23 of 34 (64%) ferrets with (n = 15) and without (8) hepatobiliary disease. Median copper concentrations were not significantly different between ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease but were significantly higher within neoplastic hepatic tissue in ferrets with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic copper concentrations exceeded feline (> 180 µg/g) and canine (> 400 µg/g) reference limits in 19 and 9 ferrets, respectively. Hepatic copper > 1,000 µg/g occurred in 5 ferrets with and 2 without hepatobiliary disease. Clinical features did not predict copper accumulation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rhodanine-based digital copper quantification and qualitative copper scoring discerned liver copper accumulation in ferrets. Ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease displayed a propensity for centrilobular hepatic copper accumulation of uncertain clinical importance. Clinical and clinicopathologic features could not exclusively implicate pathologic copper accumulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Hepatic copper accumulates in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease

Richard

Graham

Center

et al. 2022

ajvr

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“…Pyometra and various uterine neoplasms in mustelids have been reported [17,18]. Consequently, it is assumed that uterine diseases may occur in otters as well, which also belong to Mustelidae.…”

Section: --62mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy in Asian Small-clawed Otters (<i>Aonyx cinerea</i>)

Ito

Kanai²,

Ito

et al. 2023

Jpn. J. Zoo Wildl. Med.

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Surgery Case reportFemale Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea ) in aquariums and zoos might need to be sterilized to prevent reproduction and disease or for pedigree-based genetic management. When performing contraceptive surgery, ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy via laparotomy is required.However, there is concern that self-injury, such as scratching at the surgical incisions, can lead to numerous complications. Meanwhile, in the field of companion animal medicine, laparoscopic surgery has become extremely popular and has been used for adrenalectomy, cholecystectomy, hepatic lobectomy, and splenectomy [1]. Additionally, laparoscopic ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy have usually been performed on dogs and cats [2-4]. According to reports, these procedures result in smaller surgical incisions and less postoperative pain [2, 5-7]. Moreover, the incidence of complications is low and length of hospitalization is short [8]. These advantages of laparoscopic surgery are thought to be of great benefit in the ovariohysterectomy of otters. This report describes the surgical procedures, surgical outcomes, and postoperative management of laparoscopic ovariectomy performed on two otters at Osaka aquarium KAIYUKAN. Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy was performed at the Kanai Veterinary Surgery hospital on two female Asian smallclawed otters from Osaka Aquarium KAIYUKAN. Each otter underwent surgery on a different day. Otter A was a 3.09kg, 10-year-old, and otter B was a 3.88-kg, 9-year-old. Both otters had never given birth due to pedigree-based genetic management. During a biannual health examination under anesthesia, renal calculus was confirmed by radiography and ultrasonography in both otters. Otter B had previously undergone cystolithotomy. However, hematolog ical examination before surgery revealed no abnormalities.Both otters were fasted for 12 h, and water was withheld for 6 h before surgery. On arrival at the hospital, the otters were placed into an induction chamber and sedated with sevoflurane (Sevofrane, Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan). They were then weighed and intubated using a 3-mm endotracheal tube. Sedation was maintained with 2.5-3.5% sevoflurane with 100% oxygen (1 L/min) using an anesthesia machine (Apollo, Dräger, Lübeck, Germany), which

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“…The normal size of a spleen in adult ferrets is 5.1 cm × 1.8 cm × 0.8 cm in length, width, and thickness. Splenomegaly is a common finding in ferrets with inflammatory conditions, especially of the gastrointestinal tract (Williams and Wire 2020), with cardiomyopathy, especially congestive heart failure (Ellis 2006), and when extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is present. Although it is unclear why, some ferrets possess extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen throughout their lifetime (Lennox 2012).…”

Section: Spleenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune system of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) - A review

Hundakova¹,

Toman²,

Knotek³

2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The basic information dealing with the anatomy of the ferret’s immune system, cross-reactivity of the ferret leukocytes with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in vitro and immune response to the mitogens and various infections are presented. The leukocyte numbers in the peripheral blood in the ferrets are lower compared to other species and only one subclass of IgG has been identified in ferrets so far. Lymphocytes make up 12–67% of all the leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the healthy adult ferrets. Lymphocyte subpopulations are similar to other mammals and include T- and B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes differentiate into helper (Th) lymphocytes and cytotoxic (Tc) lymphocytes. Currently, ferret granulocytes (CD11), B-lymphocytes (CD79α), T-lymphocytes (CD3), Th-lymphocytes (CD3, CD4), Tc-lymphocytes (CD3, CD8), and CD30, CD45 subpopulations are detected with the use of a number of polyclonal as well as with monoclonal antibodies. In a lymphocyte transformation assay, the mitogen response of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is the greatest at day 2, 2 and 3, respectively. Serious lymphopenia is observed in ferrets during a distemper infection. A significant decrease in the lymphocyte transformation activity is observed on day 5 and reaches a maximal decrease on days 8–11, with full recovery on days 23–30 after the inoculation of laboratory ferrets with the distemper virus. Ferrets have also been used in studies related to the function of the immune system in Helicobacter pylori infections, Crohn’s disease and bronchial asthma.

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Neoplasia in Ferrets

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Hepatic copper accumulates in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease

Hepatic copper accumulates in ferrets with and without hepatobiliary disease

Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy in Asian Small-clawed Otters (<i>Aonyx cinerea</i>)

The immune system of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) - A review

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