Neoplastic Sequelae Following Subcutaneous Implantation of Mice with Rare Earth Metals

Ball, R. A.; Gelder, G. Van; Green, J. W.; Reece, W. O.

doi:10.3181/00379727-135-35067

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Detection of GBCA with MR imaging has been limited to the order of approximately 30 mmol/L for chelated GBCA and (b) a crystal size close to that of Ca 2+ that allows small amounts of the tripositive Gd 3+ to compete biologically with dipositive Ca 2+ . Long-term retention of implanted insoluble gadolinium leads to benign neoplasms (13) and fatty degeneration of liver (14). Calcium interference effects are well documented and include potential involvement in angiotensin-converting enzyme, macrophage inhibition, neurotoxicity (some of which appears to be partially blocked by the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine) (15), blocking neuromuscular transmission (16), cardiovascular, and other effects (17), but little is known about the toxicology of Gd 3+ ion in humans, especially about the levels required to achieve clinical significance in humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual or Retained Gadolinium: Practical Implications for Radiologists and Our Patients

2015

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual or Retained Gadolinium: Practical Implications for Radiologists and Our Patients

2015

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“…This list of potential metal carcinogens in ambient air can be considerably reduced if we eliminate the elements which have been reported as carcinogenic only in chemical or physical forms not likely to occur in fossil fuel combustion products or secondary air pollutants (110-113), and/or elements which produced only localized tumors at the site of injection (114)(115)(116). Application of these criteria immediately eliminates from further consideration Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Gd, Hg, Pt, Ti, Yb, and Zn.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Carcinogenicity: Animal Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Vouk¹,

Piver²

1983

Environ Health Perspect

105

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Metallic elements contained in coal, oil and gasoline are mobilized by combustion processes and may be emitted into the atmosphere, mainly as components of submicron particles. The information about the amounts, composition and form of metal compounds is reviewed for some fuels and combustion processes. Since metal compounds are always contained in urban air pollutants, they have to be considered whenever an evaluation of biological impact of air pollutants is made. The value of currently used bioassays for the evaluation of the role of trace metal compounds, either as major biologically active components or as modifiers of biological effects of organic compounds is assessed. The whole animal bioassays for carcinogenicity do not seem to be an appropriate approach. They are costly, time-consuming and not easily amenable to the testing of complex mixtures. Some problems related to the application and interpretation of short-term bioassays are considered, and the usefulness of such bioassays for the evaluation of trace metal components contained in complex air pollution mixtures is examined.

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“…Before conclusions can be drawn, this compound must be checked by another route, such as intramuscular. Doubt must also be cast on the report that rare earths such as gadolinium and ytterbium are carcinogenic because they induced fibrosarcomas following the subcutaneous implant of pellets into mice (65 In the original experiment where nickel subsulfide was found carcinogenic (68), nickel sulfate was inactive, as were ferrous sulfide and copper sulfide. Furst and Schlauder (69) were able to distinguish between the carcinogenic activity of cadmium powder and the nonactive silver and gold powders.…”

Section: Parenteral Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay of metals for carcinogenesis: whole animals.

Furst¹

1981

Environ Health Perspect

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Metals have been evaluated as potential carcinogens by administering pure elements or compounds by a large variety of routes. These include mixing the agent in the food, dissolving the test compound in the drinking water, or administering the material by gavage. The respiratory tract routes tested include inhalation, intratracheal instillation, the direct injection of particulates into the pleural cavity, or the implantation of hooks by surgical intervention. The parenteral routes used were intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous implantation, as well as intrafemoral and intramuscular injection. This latter route is the most commonly used. There are major objections to the subcutaneous implantations route, and data generated from these experiments are difficult to interpret for the foreign body reaction may give rise also to fibrosarcomas. This then is a nonspecific reaction.Exotic routes tested include intrarenal, intratesticular, and intracranial injections. The endpoints of the carcinogenic reactions are, in the main, sarcomas of certain types with fibrosarcomas predominating. Rhabdomyosarcomas are the next most frequent cancer found, and squamous cell carcinoma may account for less than 2% of the cancers reported. Much more research is necessary to clarify the nature of metal carcinogenesis. Dose-response information is almost nonexistent; the divided dose problem has not been studied adequately, and very little information is available on interspecies reactions. More work is needed to help interpret the mechanism of action.

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Neoplastic Sequelae Following Subcutaneous Implantation of Mice with Rare Earth Metals

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Residual or Retained Gadolinium: Practical Implications for Radiologists and Our Patients

Residual or Retained Gadolinium: Practical Implications for Radiologists and Our Patients

Metallic elements in fossil fuel combustion products: amounts and form of emissions and evaluation of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Bioassay of metals for carcinogenesis: whole animals.

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